The effect of random alcohol screening in reducing motor vehicle crash injuries
The effect of random alcohol screening in reducing motor vehicle crash injuries
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DOI：
10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00116-0
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Peek-Asa, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peek-Asa, C
目标：随机拦截司机以检测酒精使用情况的计划已被引入，作为酒后驾驶的威慑措施。本次审查的目的是确定这种随机筛查是否可以减少死亡和伤害。包括的两种类型的随机筛查计划是随机呼吸测试和清醒检查点。方法：十四项研究符合纳入标准，需要对随机筛查计划与对照人群进行评估或进行基线比较。令人感兴趣的结果是总体或与酒精相关的死亡或伤害的比例下降。主要结果：所有十四项研究都发现随机筛查可以有效减少死亡和伤害。发现的下降幅度有很大差异，但并不取决于人口规模。与酒精相关的死亡人数总体下降幅度最大，从 8% 到 71% 不等。少数多变量分析表明，随机筛查显着减少了碰撞和伤害。结论：随机筛查似乎对美国和澳大利亚的大部分人群都有效。尽管所审查的研究存在许多局限性，例如难以确定酒精参与情况以及无法控制其他醉酒驾驶减少计划的存在，但大量证据表明随机筛查可以减少死亡和伤害。对于随机酒精筛查的效果可以持续多长时间以及必要的执行程度，研究之间存在一些分歧，这些仍然是有待回答的问题。
Objectives: Programs that randomly stop drivers to detect alcohol use have been introduced as a deterrence measure for drinking and driving. The objective of this review is to determine if this random screening reduces fatalities and injuries. The two types of random screening programs included are Random Breath Testing and Sobriety Checkpoints.Methods: Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, which required an evaluation of a random screening program with a control population or baseline comparison. Proportional decreases in total or alcohol-related fatalities or injuries were the outcome of interest.Main results: All fourteen studies found that random screening was effective in reducing fatalities and injuries. The decreases found had wide variation, but did not depend on the size of the population. Alcohol-related fatalities generally showed the greatest decreases, ranging from 8% to 71%. The few multivariate analyses showed that random screening significantly reduced crashes and injuries.Conclusions: Random screening appears to be effective in a wide range of both United States and Australian populations. Although there are many limitations to the studies reviewed, such as the difficulty in determining alcohol involvement and the inability to control for the presence of other drunk driving reduction programs, the weight of the evidence indicates that random screening reduces fatalities and injuries. There was some disagreement among studies as to how long the effects of random alcohol screening can be sustained and the level of enforcement necessary, and these remain questions to be answered.