Physiological Responses to Near-Miss Outcomes and Personal Control During Simulated Gambling
Physiological Responses to Near-Miss Outcomes and Personal Control During Simulated Gambling
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DOI：
10.1007/s10899-011-9247-z
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Dunn, Barnaby D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Luke;Crooks, Ben;Dunn, Barnaby D.
在赌博过程中，差一点的结果是接近于支付的非赢结果。虽然客观上等同于一个彻底的失误，接近失误激励持续的游戏，因此可能会牵连到发展的赌博障碍。鉴于自然数据显示心率（HR）和皮肤电活动（EDA）在真实的赌博游戏期间的增加，我们试图探索在受控的实验室环境中赢，差一点和完全错过的结果对生理唤醒的阶段性影响。EDA和HR被监测为健康的，学生参与者（n = 33）玩了一个模拟的老虎机任务，涉及不可预测的金钱胜利。第二种赌博扭曲，即感知的个人控制，在同一任务中被操纵，允许参与者在某些试验中选择游戏图标，并在其他试验中让计算机自动选择游戏图标。差一点的失误被认为不如完全失误令人愉快。然而，在涉及个人选择的试验中，差一点的失误比完全失误产生了更高的“继续比赛”评级。获胜的结果与阶段性EDA反应相关，但不随个人选择而变化。与完全失误相比，差点失误的结果也引起了EDA的增加，这在个人选择试验中更大。与其他结果相比，险些失手也与更大的HR加速相关。尽管他们的客观非胜利状态，但接近失败的结果能够引起与主观兴奋状态一致的生理唤醒的阶段性变化。
Near-miss outcomes during gambling are non-win outcomes that fall close to a pay-out. While objectively equivalent to an outright miss, near-misses motivate ongoing play and may therefore be implicated in the development of disordered gambling. Given naturalistic data showing increases in heart rate (HR) and electrodermal activity (EDA) during periods of real gambling play, we sought to explore the phasic impact of win, near-miss and full-miss outcomes on physiological arousal in a controlled laboratory environment. EDA and HR were monitored as healthy, student participants (n = 33) played a simulated slot-machine task involving unpredictable monetary wins. A second gambling distortion, perceived personal control, was manipulated within the same task by allowing the participant to select the play icon on some trials, and having the computer automatically select the play icon on other trials. Near-misses were rated as less pleasant than full-misses. However, on trials that involved personal choice, near-misses produced higher ratings of 'continue to play' than full-misses. Winning outcomes were associated with phasic EDA responses that did not vary with personal choice. Compared to full-misses, near-miss outcomes also elicited an EDA increase, which was greater on personal choice trials. Near-misses were also associated with greater HR acceleration than other outcomes. Near-miss outcomes are capable of eliciting phasic changes in physiological arousal consistent with a state of subjective excitement, despite their objective non-win status.