Functional diversity of microbial communities in inactive seafloor sulfide deposits
Functional diversity of microbial communities in inactive seafloor sulfide deposits
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不活跃海底硫化物矿床微生物群落的功能多样性
DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiab108
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发表时间：
2021-07-24
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Wang, Yong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dong, Xiyang;Zhang, Chuwen;Wang, Yong
已知不活跃喷口的海底硫化物结构中有丰富多样的微生物，这些微生物可能得到硫化物矿物学的支持。然而，对微生物功能的多样性和分布知之甚少。在这里，我们使用基因组解析宏基因组学来预测微生物的代谢功能和水平基因转移对栖息在全球分布的深海喷口区中的几个热液不活跃的海底矿床中的微生物的功能的贡献。尽管在地理上遥远的喷口领域，类似的微生物群落模式观察到的优势，γ变形菌，拟杆菌和以前被忽视的Atriodatus Patescibacteria。代谢灵活的γ-变形菌是主要的潜在初级生产者，主要利用硫、铁和氢作为电子供体，结合氧和硝酸盐呼吸进行化能自养生长。除了异养微生物，如自由生活的拟杆菌门，Ca. Patescibacteria潜在地进行有机碳的发酵再循环。最后，我们提供的证据表明，许多功能基因是核心的能量代谢已横向转移的社区内的成员之间，主要是在同一类。总之，这些发现揭示了热液活动停止后不活跃海底硫化物矿床的微生物生态和演变。
The seafloor sulfide structures of inactive vents are known to host abundant and diverse microorganisms potentially supported by mineralogy of sulfides. However, little is known about the diversity and distribution of microbial functions. Here, we used genome-resolved metagenomics to predict microbial metabolic functions and the contribution of horizontal gene transfer to the functionality of microorganisms inhabiting several hydrothermally inactive seafloor deposits among globally distributed deep-sea vent fields. Despite of geographically distant vent fields, similar microbial community patterns were observed with the dominance of Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidota and previously overlooked Candidatus Patescibacteria. Metabolically flexible Gammaproteobacteria are major potential primary producers utilizing mainly sulfur, iron and hydrogen as electron donors coupled with oxygen and nitrate respiration for chemolithoautotrophic growth. In addition to heterotrophic microorganisms like free-living Bacteroidota, Ca. Patescibacteria potentially perform fermentative recycling of organic carbon. Finally, we provided evidence that many functional genes that are central to energy metabolism have been laterally transferred among members within the community and largely within the same class. Taken together, these findings shed light on microbial ecology and evolution in inactive seafloor sulfide deposits after the cessation of hydrothermal activities.