Pessimism, age, and cancer mortality
Pessimism, age, and cancer mortality
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.11.2.304
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Williamson, GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schulz, R;Bookwala, J;Williamson, GM
238例接受姑息性放射治疗的癌症患者接受了8个月的随访，其中70例患者在8个月的随访期内死亡。控制癌症的部位和基线的症状水平，作者研究了悲观、乐观和抑郁对死亡率的独立影响。研究结果表明，支持悲观的生活取向是死亡率的一个重要风险因素，但仅限于较年轻的患者(30-59岁)。试图用抑郁或乐观等概念相关的概念来重复这一发现，但无论是年轻患者还是老年患者都没有得到显著的关联，这表明对未来的负面预期可能以独特的方式导致死亡率。作者的结论是，将心理社会因素与死亡率联系起来的尝试应该侧重于特定的心理结构，而不是覆盖许多心理现象的分散的、全球性的衡量标准，而且心理过程在死亡率中的作用可能会因年龄而异。
Cancer patients (N = 238) receiving palliative radiation treatment were followed for 8 months; 70 patients had died by the 8-month follow-up. Controlling for site of cancer and level of symptomatology at baseline, the authors studied the independent effects on mortality of pessimism, optimism, and depression. The findings show that the endorsement of a pessimistic life orientation is an important risk factor for mortality but only among younger patients (ages 30-59). Attempts to replicate this finding with conceptually related constructs such as depression or optimism did not yield significant associations for either younger or older patients, suggesting that negative expectations about the future may contribute to mortality in unique ways. The authors conclude that attempts to link psychosocial factors to mortality should focus on specific psychological constructs instead of diffuse, global measures that cover many psychological phenomena and that the role of psychological processes in mortality may vary dramatically depending on age.