Occurrence and fate of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the urban water system of Shanghai, China
Occurrence and fate of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the urban water system of Shanghai, China
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中国上海城市供水系统中精神科药物的存在和归宿
DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.002
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Xu G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu Minghong;Xiang Jiajia;Que Chenjing;Chen Fenfen;Xu Gang;Wu Minghong;Xu G
精神科药物是世界上处方最多的活性物质，它们在环境中的存在引起了人们的关注。研究了15种精神科药物（8种苯二氮卓类药物、4种抗抑郁药、1种抗癫痫药和2种苯二氮卓类药物的代谢物）在上海市污水处理厂进出水、地表水和最终饮用水中的存在和归宿。WWTPs中精神类药物的影响范围从低ng L−1到68.2 ng L−1，以卡马西平、多虑平、地西泮和劳拉西泮为主。在低ng L−1至47.3 ng L−1范围内的废水中仍检测到目标分析物，其中卡马西平、地西泮和恶西泮最为普遍。除阿米替林（平均60%）、多塞平（平均70%）、替马西泮（平均78%）和劳拉西泮（平均93%）外，wwtp对大多数药物的去除效果较低（<50%）。此外，黄浦江地面水中卡马西平、地西泮、恶西泮和劳拉西泮在低ng L−1 ~ 75.5 ng L−1范围内检出。地表水中污染物形态与出水相似，表明有机微量污染物的主要来源可能是污水处理厂。此外，在饮用水中还检测到卡马西平（0.8-2.5 ng L−1）、地西泮（0.5-3.2 ng L−1）和阿普唑仑（2.3 ng L−1），浓度低于基于健康的预防值。调查结果与其他国家报告的结果一致。我们的结果表明所研究的化合物在水生系统中普遍存在。这些污染物可能会通过污水处理厂流出物和/或地表水进入饮用水，需要持续关注。
Psychiatric pharmaceuticals are the most prescribed active substances throughout the world and their presence in the environment raised concerns. The occurrence and fate of 15 selected psychiatric pharmaceuticals, including eight benzodiazepines, four antidepressants, one antiepileptic and two metabolites of benzodiazepines were investigated in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and effluents, surface water, and final drinking water in Shanghai. Psychiatric pharmaceuticals were in WWTPs influents ranging from low ng L−1to 68.2 ng L−1, dominated by carbamazepine, doxepin, diazepam and lorazepam. Target analytes were still detected in effluents from low ng L−1range to 47.3 ng L−1, with carbamazepine, diazepam, and oxazepam as most prevalent. WWTPs were low effective (<50%) in removing most of them, excluding amitriptyline (mean 60%), doxepin (mean 70%), temazepam (mean 78%) and lorazepam (mean 93%). In addition, carbamazepine, diazepam, oxazepam and lorazepam were detected in low ng L−1to 75.5 ng L−1in the surface water of Huang Pu Rive. The pattern of contaminants in surface water is similar to the effluent wastewater, which suggested the main source of organic trace pollutants might be WWTPs. Furthermore, carbamazepine (0.8–2.5 ng L−1), diazepam (0.5–3.2 ng L−1) and alprazolam (2.3 ng L−1) were also detected in drinking water and the concentrations were below the health based precautionary value. The investigation was within the range of those results reported in other countries. Our results indicate ubiquity of the investigated compounds in the aquatic system. These pollutants may potentially reach drinking water via WWTP effluents and/or surface waters and require constant attention.