Effects of rTMS of Pre-Supplementary Motor Area on Fronto Basal Ganglia Network Activity during Stop-Signal Task
Effects of rTMS of Pre-Supplementary Motor Area on Fronto Basal Ganglia Network Activity during Stop-Signal Task
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3761-14.2015
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发表时间：
2015-03
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通讯作者：
Takamitsu Watanabe;R. Hanajima;Y. Shirota;R. Tsutsumi;Takahiro Shimizu;Toshihiro Hayashi;Y. Terao;Y. Ugawa;M. Katsura;A. Kunimatsu;K. Ohtomo;S. Hirose;Y. Miyashita;S. Konishi
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作者：
Takamitsu Watanabe;R. Hanajima;Y. Shirota;R. Tsutsumi;Takahiro Shimizu;Toshihiro Hayashi;Y. Terao;Y. Ugawa;M. Katsura;A. Kunimatsu;K. Ohtomo;S. Hirose;Y. Miyashita;S. Konishi
停止信号任务（SST）是研究反应抑制机制的一个重要范式，SST中观察到的反应抑制在很大程度上依赖于由右下额叶皮质、前辅助运动区（pre-SMA）和基底神经节（包括丘脑底核、纹状体（STR）和苍白球内侧部（GPi））组成的额基底神经节网络。然而，这些额叶区域和基底神经节之间的因果关系在人类中并不完全清楚。在这里，我们通过测量SMA前兴奋性/抑制性重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）之前和之后SST期间的人类fMRI活动，部分检查了这些因果关系。我们首次证实了兴奋性rTMS能改善SST的行为表现，而抑制性rTMS则会损害SST的行为表现。之后，我们发现这些行为变化很好地预测rTMS诱导的调制的大脑活动在前SMA，STR和GPi在SST。此外，通过检查rTMS对这三个区域之间的静息状态功能连接的影响，我们发现，前SMA的磁刺激显着影响前SMA和STR之间的内在连接，STR和GPi之间。此外，静息态连接的变化幅度也与SST中看到的行为变化相关。这些结果表明，在反应抑制过程中，前SMA和GPi之间通过STR存在因果关系，并直接证明了用于反应抑制的额基底神经节网络由人类的多个自上而下的调节途径组成。
Stop-signal task (SST) has been a key paradigm for probing human brain mechanisms underlying response inhibition, and the inhibition observed in SST is now considered to largely depend on a fronto basal ganglia network consisting mainly of right inferior frontal cortex, pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), and basal ganglia, including subthalamic nucleus, striatum (STR), and globus pallidus pars interna (GPi). However, causal relationships between these frontal regions and basal ganglia are not fully understood in humans. Here, we partly examined these causal links by measuring human fMRI activity during SST before and after excitatory/inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of pre-SMA. We first confirmed that the behavioral performance of SST was improved by excitatory rTMS and impaired by inhibitory rTMS. Afterward, we found that these behavioral changes were well predicted by rTMS-induced modulation of brain activity in pre-SMA, STR, and GPi during SST. Moreover, by examining the effects of the rTMS on resting-state functional connectivity between these three regions, we showed that the magnetic stimulation of pre-SMA significantly affected intrinsic connectivity between pre-SMA and STR, and between STR and GPi. Furthermore, the magnitudes of changes in resting-state connectivity were also correlated with the behavioral changes seen in SST. These results suggest a causal relationship between pre-SMA and GPi via STR during response inhibition, and add direct evidence that the fronto basal ganglia network for response inhibition consists of multiple top-down regulation pathways in humans.