Relative risk of injury and death in ambulances and other emergency vehicles
Relative risk of injury and death in ambulances and other emergency vehicles
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DOI：
10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00102-1
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Miller, TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, LR;Zaloshnja, E;Miller, TR
本研究探讨紧急车辆（救护车、警车汽车及消防车）乘员座位、约束装置使用及车辆反应状态对伤亡的影响。对两个大型国家数据库，国家公路交通安全管理局的死亡分析报告系统（法尔斯）和一般估计系统（GES）进行了多因素频率和有序逻辑回归分析。一个模型估计了不同程度的伤害严重程度的救护车乘员的相对风险比。与不受约束的救护车乘员相比，受约束的救护车乘员在撞车事故中死亡或严重受伤的可能性要小得多。救护车后排乘客比前排乘客更容易被杀害。非紧急情况下的救护车乘员比紧急情况下的乘员更容易死亡或严重受伤。不受约束的救护车乘员，乘员乘坐在病人车厢，特别是不受约束的乘员乘坐在病人车厢中的受伤和死亡的风险大大增加时，涉及到碰撞。第二个模型包括警车汽车和消防车。在救护车-消防车-警车组合模型中，对于那些参与碰撞的人来说，乘员死亡的可能性高于常规反应。相对于警车汽车和消防车，救护车经历了最高百分比的致命碰撞，其中乘员死亡和最高百分比的碰撞，其中乘员受伤。消防车乘员中绝大多数的死亡原因是缺乏约束使用和/或用“灯光和警报器”回应。第三个模型包括非特殊用途的货车和客车乘员，在其他方面复制了第二个模型。我们的研究结果表明，乘坐在后面的救护车工作人员和任何座位上的消防员，在可行的情况下都应该受到约束。陪同救护车病人的家属应坐在救护车的前排座位上。(C)2003爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
This study addresses of the impacts of emergency vehicle (ambulances, police cars and fire trucks) occupant seating position, restraint use and vehicle response status on injuries and fatalities. Multi-way frequency and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed on two large national databases, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the General Estimates System (GES). One model estimated the relative risk ratios for different levels of injury severity to occupants traveling in ambulances. Restrained ambulance occupants involved in a crash were significantly less likely to be killed or seriously injured than unrestrained occupants. Ambulance rear occupants were significantly more likely to be killed than front-seat occupants. Ambulance occupants traveling non-emergency were more likely than occupants traveling emergency to be killed or severely injured. Unrestrained ambulance occupants, occupants riding in the patient compartment and especially unrestrained occupants riding in the patient compartment were at substantially increased risk of injury and death when involved in a crash. A second model incorporated police cars and fire trucks. In the combined ambulance-fire truck-police car model, the likelihood of an occupant fatality for those involved in a crash was higher for routine responses. Relative to police cars and fire trucks, ambulances experienced the highest percentage of fatal crashes where occupants are killed and the highest percentage of crashes where occupants are injured. Lack of restraint use and/or responding with 'lights and siren' characterized the vast majority of fatalities among fire truck occupants. A third model incorporated non-special use van and passenger car occupants, which otherwise replicated the second model. Our findings suggest that ambulance crewmembers riding in the back and firefighters in any seating position, should be restrained whenever feasible. Family members accompanying ambulance patients should ride in the front-seat of the ambulance. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.