Coronavirus pathogenesis.
Coronavirus pathogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-385885-6.00009-2
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leibowitz JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weiss SR;Leibowitz JL
冠状病毒感染包括人类在内的许多动物物种，引起急性和慢性疾病。本文主要综述了鼠冠状病毒、鼠肝炎病毒和严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒的发病机制。MHV是一系列毒株的集合，其为研究包括中枢神经系统、肝和肺在内的几个器官系统中的病毒嗜性和发病机制提供了模型系统，并且已被引用为提供了用于研究慢性脱髓鞘疾病如多发性硬化症的少数动物模型之一。SARS冠状病毒于2002年在中国人群中出现，引起了世界范围的流行，发病率和死亡率很高，特别是在老年人中。我们回顾了这两种病毒的发病机制和几个反向遗传学系统，使这些研究成为可能。我们还回顾了冠状病毒蛋白质的功能，结构，酶，和辅助，重点是在发病机制中的作用。结构蛋白除了它们在病毒体结构和形态发生中的作用之外，还显著地有助于病毒在体内的传播和拮抗宿主细胞应答。非结构蛋白包括在MHV和SARS-CoV之间完全不保守的小辅助蛋白和在复制酶基因座中编码的16个保守蛋白，其中许多蛋白除了拮抗宿主反应的功能之外还具有RNA代谢或蛋白质加工的酶活性。
Coronaviruses infect many species of animals including humans, causing acute and chronic diseases. This review focuses primarily on the pathogenesis of murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV). MHV is a collection of strains, which provide models systems for the study of viral tropism and pathogenesis in several organs systems, including the central nervous system, the liver, and the lung, and has been cited as providing one of the few animal models for the study of chronic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. SARS-CoV emerged in the human population in China in 2002, causing a worldwide epidemic with severe morbidity and high mortality rates, particularly in older individuals. We review the pathogenesis of both viruses and the several reverse genetics systems that made much of these studies possible. We also review the functions of coronavirus proteins, structural, enzymatic, and accessory, with an emphasis on roles in pathogenesis. Structural proteins in addition to their roles in virion structure and morphogenesis also contribute significantly to viral spread in vivo and in antagonizing host cell responses. Nonstructural proteins include the small accessory proteins that are not at all conserved between MHV and SARS-CoV and the 16 conserved proteins encoded in the replicase locus, many of which have enzymatic activities in RNA metabolism or protein processing in addition to functions in antagonizing host response.