High-speed rails and knowledge productivity: A global perspective
High-speed rails and knowledge productivity: A global perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.12.006
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Kato, Hironori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhatt, Ayushman;Kato, Hironori
本研究通过对 59 个高收入和中高收入国家的分析，找到了高铁 (HSR) 对国家创新影响的宏观经济实证证据。假设知识生产力（KP）以每百万人每年的专利申请量来表示。采用三种方法分析高铁发展与KP之间的关联：（1）利用10年面板数据估计KP功能，涵盖14个高铁国家； (2) 使用双重差分分析估计 15 个国家的治疗组和 44 个国家的对照组的平均治疗效果； (3) 使用涵盖 29 个国家（其中 10 个国家接受治疗）的数据集的匹配技术估计平均治疗效果。所有三项分析的结果涵盖了高铁约 40 年的历史，有力地表明高铁发展无论是在短期还是长期都可以对 KP 产生积极的外部效应。此外，研究发现，高铁对中高收入国家和城市人口高增长国家的影响大于其他国家。他们认为，高铁发展可以成为国家创新政策的一部分，中高收入国家、高度城市化国家和区域间交通系统不足的国家可以在引入高铁以提高知识生产力方面具有优势。
This study finds empirical macro-economic evidence for the effect of high-speed rails (HSRs) on national innovation through the analyses of 59 highand upper-middle-income countries. Knowledge productivity (KP) is assumed to be represented by annual patent applications per million capita. The associations between HSR development and KP are analyzed with three methods: (1) estimation of KP function using 10-year panel data, covering 14 countries with HSRs; (2) estimation of average treatment effect using difference-in-differences analysis for a treatment group of 15 and a control group of 44 countries; and (3) estimation of average treatment effect using matching techniques for a dataset covering 29 countries, of which 10 received treatment. The results of all three analyses covering about 40 years of HSRs' history, robustly suggest that HSR development can have positive externalities on KP both in the short and long runs. In addition, it is found that the HSRs' impacts on countries with upper-middle income and countries with high urban population growth are larger than other countries. They suggest that HSR development can be a part of national innovation policy and that upper-middleincome countries, highly urbanizing countries, and countries with insufficient inter-regional transportation systems can have advantages in HSR introduction for promoting knowledge productivity.