Opium Consumption and the Risk of Traffic Injuries in Regular Users: A Case-Crossover Study in an Emergency Department
Opium Consumption and the Risk of Traffic Injuries in Regular Users: A Case-Crossover Study in an Emergency Department
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/15389580902995380
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ghadirian, Parviz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Majdzadeh, Reza;Feiz-Zadeh, Ali;Ghadirian, Parviz
客观的。在伊朗，交通伤害造成的年死亡率约为十万分之三十。另一方面，这个国家的鸦片使用者比例是世界上最高的。人们对鸦片对交通伤害的短暂影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是探讨吸食鸦片对吸食鸦片的司机造成交通伤害的影响。方法。一项案例交叉调查对 75 名遭受交通伤害的经常吸食鸦片的人进行了研究。研究对象被送往伊朗东南部城市克尔曼的单一创伤急诊室。短期鸦片效应的相对风险（RR）是通过考虑事故发生前 6 小时内吸食鸦片后驾驶的频率与同一个人吸食鸦片后通常驾驶的频率进行比较来估计的。通过Mantel-Haenszel方法进行分层数据分析。结果。事故发生前 6 小时内驾驶员吸食鸦片与 RR = 3.2 增加相关，95% 置信区间 (CI)：1.9、5.4。考虑到 RR = 4.29，95% CI：2.65、6.95，食用后第三小时的影响最大。结论。这些结果表明，经常吸食鸦片的人发生交通伤害的风险更高。服用后第三小时的 RR 可以通过考虑与使用后立即驾驶的可能性更大来解释，而不是通过考虑阿片类药物的峰值作用时间来解释。结果表明，有必要定期评估所有普通司机，特别是卡车和公共汽车司机的鸦片使用情况。
Objective. The cause-specific annual death rate due to traffic injuries is around 30 in 100,000 in Iran. On the other hand, this country has the highest proportion of opiate users in the world. Little is known about the transient effect of opium on traffic injuries. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of opium consumption on traffic injuries in drivers who use opium. Methods. Seventy-five regular opium users who suffered traffic injuries were studied in a case-crossover investigation. The study subjects had been admitted to the single trauma emergency department in Kerman, a city in southeast Iran. The relative risk (RR) of short-term opium effect was estimated by considering frequency of driving after opium consumption during 6 hours before the accident in comparison to the usual frequency of driving after opium consumption by the same persons. Stratified data analysis was performed by the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results. The opium consumption of drivers up to 6 hours before the accident was associated with an increased RR = 3.2, 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1.9, 5.4. The third hour after consumption had the greatest magnitude of effect considering RR = 4.29, 95 percent CI:2.65, 6.95. Conclusions. These results suggest a heightened risk of traffic injuries after opium consumption in regular users. The RR in the third hour after consumption could be explained by considering the greater probability of driving compared to the immediate hours after use, rather than peak effect time of opiates. The results indicate necessity of regular assessment of all common drivers, especially truck and bus drivers, regarding use of opium.