Migration or Forced Displacement?: The Complex Choices of Climate Change and Disaster Migrants in Shishmaref, Alaska and Nanumea, Tuvalu
Migration or Forced Displacement?: The Complex Choices of Climate Change and Disaster Migrants in Shishmaref, Alaska and Nanumea, Tuvalu
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移民还是被迫流离失所？：阿拉斯加希什马雷夫和图瓦卢纳努梅阿的气候变化和灾害移民的复杂选择
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Lazrus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Marino;H. Lazrus
本文比较了阿拉斯加州希什马雷夫和图瓦卢纳努美阿的移民选择，以应对日益增加的灾害风险。在这两个社区，越来越多的危害和风险与气候变化有关，使社区成为首批被确定为环境移民或“气候难民”的社区。在这两种情况下，居民、研究人员和其他利益相关者担心的是，一场大灾难将夺去生命，摧毁关键基础设施，导致社区流离失所。然而，我们认为，习惯性灾害和日益增加的危害造成的移徙压力与实地的其他移徙压力相互作用。在居民的生活经历中，被迫流离失所和自愿迁移并不容易区分，而是个人、家庭和社区为应对风险、基础设施恶化和其他经济和社会压力而做出的复杂决定。最终，居民在有限的库存下做出选择...
This article compares migration options in Shishmaref, Alaska and Nanumea, Tuvalu as responses to increasing risk of disaster. In both communities, increasing hazards and risks are associated with climate change—making the communities some of the first to be identified as environmental migrants or “climate refugees.” In both cases, what residents, researchers, and other stakeholders fear is that a large disaster will take lives and destroy critical infrastructure, causing communities to be displaced. However, we argue that migration pressures as a result of habitual disasters and increasing hazards interact with other migration pressures on the ground. In the lived experiences of residents, forced displacements and voluntary migrations are not so easily separated but are complex decisions made by individuals, families, and communities in response to discourses of risk, deteriorating infrastructure, and other economic and social pressures. Ultimately, residents make choices under constrained inventories of...