Time to first cigarette after waking predicts cotinine levels.
Time to first cigarette after waking predicts cotinine levels.
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0737
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发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Richie JP Jr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Muscat JE;Stellman SD;Caraballo RS;Richie JP Jr
每吸一支烟的可替宁水平存在很大差异。我们假设，除了吸烟频率之外，尼古丁依赖的其他行为指标（例如醒来后第一次吸烟的时间）也与可替宁水平相关。为了检验这一假设，我们在一项以社区为基础的研究中测量了 252 名每日吸烟的黑人和白人的血浆和尿液可替宁。结果：每天吸一包烟的吸烟者的血浆可替宁水平从 16 到 1180 (ng/ml) 不等，相差 74 倍。醒来后随着时间的推移可以辨别出两种尼古丁依赖表型。 “低”依赖性表型的受试者在醒来后超过 30 分钟吸烟，并且几乎所有人每天的吸烟量≤20 支。在该组中，可替宁水平随着吸烟量的增加而线性增加。 “高度”依赖表型的受试者在醒来后 30 分钟内吸烟，但每天吸烟的频率范围很广（6-70 支）。与低依赖表型相比，可替宁随吸烟频率的变化相对较小，有证据表明重度吸烟者存在平台效应（~30）。调整吸烟频率后，首次吸烟时间的可替宁水平为：（≤ 5 分钟）：437（95% 置信限 [CL]（380-494）；（6-30 分钟）：352（95% CL 291-413）；（31-60 分钟）：229（95% CL 140-317）；（>60 分钟）： 215 (95% CL 110-321) 尿可替宁也观察到了类似的结果。这些结果表明，第一次吸烟的时间是尼古丁吸收的强有力的预测因素，在设计吸烟干预措施时应予以考虑。
There is wide variability in cotinine levels per cigarette smoked. We hypothesized that in addition to smoking frequency, other behavioral measures of nicotine dependence such as the time to first cigarette after waking are associated with cotinine levels. To test this hypothesis, we measured plasma and urinary cotinine in a community-based study of 252 black and white daily cigarette smokers. Results: Among one pack per day smokers, plasma cotinine levels varied from 16 to 1180 (ng/ml), a 74-fold difference. Two nicotine dependence phenotypes were discerned by time after waking. Subjects in the ‘low’ dependent phenotype smoked > 30 minutes after waking and nearly all smoked ≤20 cigarettes per day. Cotinine levels increased linearly with cigarette consumption in this group. Subjects in the ‘high’ dependent phenotype smoked ≤30 minutes after waking, but had a wide range in the frequency of daily cigarettes (6-70). Compared with the low dependent phenotype, there were relatively small differences in cotinine by cigarette frequency with evidence of a plateau effect in heavy smokers (∼30). After adjusting for cigarette frequency, the levels of cotinine by time to first cigarette were: (≤ 5 minutes): 437 (95% confidence limits [CL] (380-494); (6-30 minutes): 352 (95% CL 291-413); (31-60 minutes): 229 (95% CL 140-317); (>60 minutes): 215 (95% CL 110-321). Similar findings were observed for urinary cotinine. These findings suggest that the time to first cigarette is a strong predictor of nicotine uptake and should be considered in the design of smoking interventions.