Innate visual preferences and behavioral flexibility in Drosophila
Innate visual preferences and behavioral flexibility in Drosophila
复制标题
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.185918
复制
发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
van Swinderen, Bruno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grabowska, Martyna J.;Steeves, James;van Swinderen, Bruno
动物的视觉决策受到先天偏好和经验的影响。固有反应和不断变化的动机状态之间的相互作用决定了视觉刺激是吸引人的、厌恶的还是中性的。然而，在实验范式中，很难区分先天和后天的相对贡献，特别是对于更复杂的视觉参数，如物体的形状。我们对行走的果蝇使用了一个闭环虚拟现实范式来揭示对物体形状和大小的先天视觉偏好，在一个递归选择场景中，果蝇可以随着时间的推移揭示它们的视觉偏好。我们发现，在这种模式下，黑腹果蝇对一系列物体大小表现出强烈的吸引/排斥特征，并且这种视觉偏好特征在各种条件下仍然明显，并持续到老年。我们还证明了这种行为的一定程度的灵活性：如果这些东西是新的，对某些物体的先天排斥可以暂时被覆盖，尽管这种效果只在年轻的苍蝇中很明显。最后，我们证明了果蝇大脑中的神经调节回路，果蝇神经肽F (dNPF)，可以被招募来指导视觉决策。表达dnpf的神经元的光遗传学激活将视觉上排斥的物体转化为更具吸引力的物体。这表明，果蝇大脑中的dNPF活动引导着持续的视觉选择，从而超越了先天偏好，从而在视觉决策中提供了必要的行为灵活性。
Visual decision making in animals is influenced by innate preferences as well as experience. Interaction between hard-wired responses and changing motivational states determines whether a visual stimulus is attractive, aversive or neutral. It is, however, difficult to separate the relative contribution of nature versus nurture in experimental paradigms, especially for more complex visual parameters such as the shape of objects. We used a closed-loop virtual reality paradigm for walking Drosophila to uncover innate visual preferences for the shape and size of objects, in a recursive choice scenario allowing the flies to reveal their visual preferences over time. We found that Drosophila melanogaster display a robust attraction/repulsion profile for a range of object sizes in this paradigm, and that this visual preference profile remains evident under a variety of conditions and persists into old age. We also demonstrate a level of flexibility in this behavior: innate repulsion to certain objects could be transiently overridden if these were novel, although this effect was only evident in younger flies. Finally, we show that a neuromodulatory circuit in the fly brain, Drosophila neuropeptide F (dNPF), can be recruited to guide visual decision making. Optogenetic activation of dNPF-expressing neurons converted a visually repulsive object into a more attractive object. This suggests that dNPF activity in the Drosophila brain guides ongoing visual choices, to override innate preferences and thereby provide a necessary level of behavioral flexibility in visual decision making.