Camel milk attenuates the biochemical and morphological features of diabetic nephropathy: Inhibition of Smad1 and collagen type IV synthesis
Camel milk attenuates the biochemical and morphological features of diabetic nephropathy: Inhibition of Smad1 and collagen type IV synthesis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.013
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发表时间：
2015-03-05
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Arafah, Maha M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Korish, Aida A.;Gader, Abdel Galil Abdel;Arafah, Maha M.
糖尿病肾病（DN）是糖尿病（DM）常见的微血管并发症，导致其发病率和死亡率恶化。有证据表明骆驼奶 (CM) 可以改善 DM 的血糖控制，但其对肾脏并发症（尤其是 DN）的影响仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在表征 CM 治疗对链脲佐菌素 (STZ) 诱导的 DN 的影响。使用 STZ 诱导的糖尿病，我们研究了 CM 治疗对肾功能、蛋白尿、肾 Smad1、IV 型胶原蛋白 (Col4)、血糖、胰岛素抵抗 (IR)、脂质过氧化、抗氧化剂超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 的影响。此外还检查了肾脏形态。目前的结果表明，未经治疗的糖尿病大鼠表现出明显的高血糖、IR、高血清尿素和肌酐水平、蛋白尿过多、肾脏Smad1和Col4增加、肾小球扩张和细胞外基质沉积。脂质过氧化产物也增加，抗氧化酶活性和谷胱甘肽水平降低。骆驼奶治疗可降低血糖、IR 和脂质过氧化。超氧化物歧化酶和 CAT 表达、CAT 活性和 GSH 水平增加。 CM 的肾脏保护作用通过降低血清尿素和肌酐、蛋白尿、Smad1、Col4 以及保留正常肾小管肾小球形态来证明。总之，除了降血糖作用外，CM 还可以减弱 DN 的早期变化，降低肾脏 Smad1 和 Col4。这可能归因于 CM 对肾小球系膜细胞的主要作用，或者其次归因于 CM 的降血糖和抗氧化作用。 CM 对 ON 的保护作用支持其作为辅助抗糖尿病治疗的用途。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that worsens its morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that camel milk (CM) improves the glycemic control in DM but its effect on the renal complications especially the DN remains unclear. Thus the current study aimed to characterize the effects of CM treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN. Using STZ-induced diabetes, we investigated the effect of CM treatment on kidney function, proteinuria, renal Smad1, collagen type IV (Col4), blood glucose, insulin resistance (IR), lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). In addition renal morphology was also examined. The current results showed that rats with untreated diabetes exhibited marked hyperglycemia, IR, high serum urea and creatinine levels, excessive proteinuria, increased renal Smad1 and Col4, glomerular expansion, and extracellular matrix deposition. There was also increased lipid peroxidation products, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and GSH levels. Camel milk treatment decreased blood glucose, IR, and lipid peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase and CAT expression, CAT activity, and GSH levels were increased. The renoprotective effects of CM were demonstrated by the decreased serum urea and creatinine, proteinuria, Smad1, Col4, and preserved normal tubulo-glomerular morphology. In conclusion, beside its hypoglycemic action, CM attenuates the early changes of DN, decreased renal Smad1 and Col4. This could be attributed to a primary action on the glomerular mesangial cells, or secondarily to the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of CM. The protective effects of CM against ON support its use as an adjuvant anti-diabetes therapy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.