Locomotor kinematics and EMG activity during quadrupedal vs. bipedal gait in the Japanese macaque
Locomotor kinematics and EMG activity during quadrupedal vs. bipedal gait in the Japanese macaque
复制标题
日本猕猴四足与双足步态的运动运动学和肌电图活动
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00803.2018
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Y. Higurashi，M.A. Maier，K. Nakajima，K. Morita，S. Fujiki，S. Aoi，F. Mori，A. Murata，M. Inase
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yurie Tajima;Yuho Tanaka;Ryohei Sasaki;Katsumi Konishi;Tomohiro Takahashi;Toshihiro Furukawa;浪川幸彦・髙橋聡・竹内聖彦・白井朗;小松知未・棚橋知春;杉山由恵;Y. Higurashi，M.A. Maier，K. Nakajima，K. Morita，S. Fujiki，S. Aoi，F. Mori，A. Murata，M. Inase
哺乳动物的两足和四足运动有几个定性特征。在这项研究中，我们四足和双足步态在日本猴子的步态模式，躯干/后肢运动学，和肌电图（EMG）活动，从3猕猴在跑步机行走的定量差异。我们预测，作为一个几乎直立的身体轴的结果，双足步态将显示出与时间和空间优化一致的属性，以对抗更高的躯干/后肢负荷和更不稳定的质心（CoM）。一个相对较大的步宽，一个约9%的占空比长，约20%的双支撑阶段的相对持续时间增加都符合这样的策略。双足关节运动学表现出最强的差异，近端，至少在远端，后肢关节偏移与四足步态相比。后肢关节协调（cyclograms）显示更多的单关节旋转期间双足步态和优势的近端关节在单一的支持。CoM描述了双足步态期间对称的、准正弦的左/右路径，在站立期间交替向支撑重量的肢体移动。躯干/后肢肌电图活动不均匀增加，在双足步态，最显着的近端反重力肌在站立（高达10倍）。非反重力后肢肌电图表现出改变的时间配置文件在起飞或着陆。双足步态时，肌肉协同活动较多，但肌肉协同作用较少。总之，这些结果表明，行为和EMG属性的双足与四足步态是定量不同的，并建议，神经控制的双足灵长类动物运动经历了特定的适应，以产生这些特定的行为特征，以抵消增加的负荷和不稳定性。新&值得注意的双足运动对电机控制施加特定的生物力学约束。在种内比较研究中，我们研究了日本猕猴两足与四足跑步机运动的关节运动学和肌电图特征。由于这些功能（在很大程度上）代表了潜在的神经控制的紧急属性，它们提供了一个比较，行为和神经生理学的框架，用于理解这种非人类灵长类动物中致力于双足运动的神经系统，这构成了人类双足动物的关键动物模型。
Several qualitative features distinguish bipedal from quadrupedal locomotion in mammals. In this study we show quantitative differences between quadrupedal and bipedal gait in the Japanese monkey in terms of gait patterns, trunk/hindlimb kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity, obtained from 3 macaques during treadmill walking. We predicted that as a consequence of an almost upright body axis, bipedal gait would show properties consistent with temporal and spatial optimization countering higher trunk/hindlimb loads and a less stable center of mass (CoM). A comparatively larger step width, an ~9% longer duty cycle, and ~20% increased relative duration of the double-support phase were all in line with such a strategy. Bipedal joint kinematics showed the strongest differences in proximal, and least in distal, hindlimb joint excursions compared with quadrupedal gait. Hindlimb joint coordination (cyclograms) revealed more periods of single-joint rotations during bipedal gait and predominance of proximal joints during single support. The CoM described a symmetrical, quasi-sinusoidal left/right path during bipedal gait, with an alternating shift toward the weight-supporting limb during stance. Trunk/hindlimb EMG activity was nonuniformally increased during bipedal gait, most prominently in proximal antigravity muscles during stance (up to 10-fold). Non-antigravity hindlimb EMG showed altered temporal profiles during liftoff or touchdown. Muscle coactivation was more, but muscle synergies less, frequent during bipedal gait. Together, these results show that behavioral and EMG properties of bipedal vs. quadrupedal gait are quantitatively distinct and suggest that the neural control of bipedal primate locomotion underwent specific adaptations to generate these particular behavioral features to counteract increased load and instability.NEW & NOTEWORTHYBipedal locomotion imposes particular biomechanical constraints on motor control. In a within-species comparative study, we investigated joint kinematics and electromyographic characteristics of bipedal vs. quadrupedal treadmill locomotion in Japanese macaques. Because these features represent (to a large extent) emergent properties of the underlying neural control, they provide a comparative, behavioral, and neurophysiological framework for understanding the neural system dedicated to bipedal locomotion in this nonhuman primate, which constitutes a critical animal model for human bipedalism.