Judicial mafia: The courts and state illegality in Indonesia
Judicial mafia: The courts and state illegality in Indonesia
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司法黑手党：印度尼西亚法院和国家的非法行为
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Lindsey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Butt;T. Lindsey
几十年来，印尼人一直认为印尼司法机构是该国最腐败的机构之一。1具有讽刺意味的是，调查表明，司法机构的声誉一直是因为其倾向于非法行事，而不是因为其执法能力，更不用说提供“正义”了（亚洲基金会和AC尼尔森印度尼西亚，2001年）。人们普遍认为，印度尼西亚的大多数法官和法院官员愿意接受甚至勒索诉讼当事人的贿赂，以确保在案件中获胜，最高法院被视为该国最腐败的法院之一。印度尼西亚的一个笑话--甚至连法官也讲--是hakim（法官）一词，是hubungi aku kalau ingin menang（如果你想赢，请与我联系）的缩写。2印度尼西亚还经常有人说，司法机构内部的腐败是系统化和制度化的：非法付款被过滤到赞助网络中，接受者的上级在其中抽取百分比。由于这些原因，印度尼西亚的司法系统经常被称为“黑手党"，因为大多数贿赂是作为一个复杂的网络的一部分支付的，这个网络是组织良好的”安排“，涉及一些腐败分子，而不仅仅是几个流氓（Assegaf 2002：130）。3印度尼西亚高级法官，包括退休的最高法院首席法官，都承认，这些普遍的看法有许多是准确的。例如，前首席大法官Soerjono估计，印度尼西亚50%的法官是腐败的（Pompe 2005：414），前首席大法官Asikin Kusumaatmadja也是如此，4尽管备受尊敬的律师声称，
For decades, Indonesians have regarded the Indonesian judiciary as one of their nation’s most corrupt institutions.1 Surveys indicate that its reputation, ironically, has been for its propensity to act illegally, rather than its capacity to enforce the law, let alone deliver ‘justice’ (Asia Foundation and ACNielsen Indonesia 2001). Popular belief has it that most of Indonesia’s judges and court officials are willing to accept, or even to extort, bribes from litigants to secure victory in their cases, with the Supreme Court seen as one of the most corrupt courts in the country. The Indonesian joke – which even judges tell – has the word hakim (judge) as short for hubungi aku kalau ingin menang (contact me if you want to win).2 It is also often said in Indonesia that corruption within the judiciary is systematic and institutionalized: illicit payments are filtered into patronage networks within which the recipient’s superiors take percentages. For these reasons, the Indonesian justice system is often described as a ‘mafia’ (mafia peradilan) because most bribes are paid as part of a complex web of wellorganized ‘arrangements’ involving a number of corrupt players, rather than just a few rogue individuals (Assegaf 2002:130). Even Supreme Court parking attendants are said to be involved.3 Senior Indonesian judges, including retired Supreme Court Chief Justices, have admitted that there is much in these popular perceptions that is accurate. Former Chief Justice Soerjono, for example, estimated that 50% of Indonesia’s judges were corrupt (Pompe 2005:414), as did former Chief Justice Asikin Kusumaatmadja,4 although well-regarded lawyers have claimed that the pro-