Feedforward responses of transversus abdominis are directionally specific and act asymmetrically: Implications for core stability theories
Feedforward responses of transversus abdominis are directionally specific and act asymmetrically: Implications for core stability theories
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DOI：
10.2519/jospt.2008.2703
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Lay, Brendan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allison, Garry T.;Morris, Sue L.;Lay, Brendan
研究设计：实验室研究补充了一个重复的案例study.OBJECTIVE：为了检查双侧肌肉活动的腹部深在快速手臂抬起，特别是检查的偏侧性，前馈反应的腹横肌（TrA）的方向特异性。背景：基于手臂快速运动时躯干肌肉的前馈反应，作者已经得出结论，与更浅的肌肉相比，深躯干肌肉具有不同的控制机制。有人提出，深躯干肌肉，如TrA的腰椎的稳定性作出了重大贡献，这是通过同时双边前馈激活。这些推论是基于单方面的细钢丝肌电图（EMG）的数据，并有有限的调查，双边的反应，TrA在单侧arm raising.Methods和MEASURES：双边细钢丝和表面肌电图数据从三角肌前，TrA，肌内肌（01），肌外肌，股二头肌，竖脊肌，腹直肌在反复的手臂提高被记录在2 kHz。肌电信号的线性包络与三角肌前部的起始同步。前馈窗口被定义为发病后的前E和成对的发病双边肌肉绘制为两个左，右臂movements.RESULTS：躯干肌肉组的数据表现出两侧（偏侧），这是系统的改变时，交替的武器提出（方向特异性）之间的差异。这在TrA中明显，但在竖脊肌中不太明显。对于左右臂运动，同侧股二头肌和外肌以及对侧01和TrA的激活早于交替侧。这是一个一致的模式超过7年的时间为个案研究，腹直肌的数据来自个案研究表现出很小的偏侧性或定向特异性response.CONCLUSION：这是第一个研究表明，前馈活动的TrA是特定的手臂运动的方向，而不是双侧对称。手臂抬起过程中TrA活动的不对称性表明，在预期姿势调整过程中，TrA作为双侧稳定器的作用的解释需要修改。未来的研究需要检查与TrA的不对称功能相关的肌肉协同作用以及与低负荷稳定性训练相关的潜在机制。
STUDY DESIGN: Experimental laboratory study supplemented with a repeated case study.OBJECTIVE: To examine bilateral muscle activity of the deep abdominals in response to rapid arm raising, specifically to examine the laterality, and directional specificity of feedforward responses of the transversus abdominis (TrA).BACKGROUND: Based on the feedforward responses of trunk muscles during rapid arm movements, authors have concluded that the deep trunk muscles have different control mechanisms compared to the more superficial muscles. It has been proposed that deep trunk muscles such as TrA contribute substantially to the stability of the lumbar spine and that this is achieved through simultaneous bilateral feedforward activation. These inferences are based on unilateral fine-wire electromyographic (EMG) data and there are limited investigations of bilateral responses of the TrA during unilateral arm raising.METHODS AND MEASURES: Bilateral fine-wire and surface EMG data from the anterior deltoid, TrA, obliquus internus (01), obliquus ex-ternus, biceps femoris, erector spinae, and rectus abdominis during repeated arm raises were recorded at 2 kHz. EMG signal linear envelopes were synchronized to the onset of the anterior deltoid. A feedforward window was defined as the period up to 50 Ins after the onset of the anterior e to and paired onsets for bilateral muscles were plotted for both left and right arm movements.RESULTS: Trunk muscles from the group data demonstrated differences between sides (laterality), which were systematically altered when alternate arms were raised (directional specificity). This was clearly evident for the TrA but less obvious for the erector spinae. The ipsilateral biceps femoris and obliquus externus, and contralateral 01 and TrA, were activated earlier than the alternate side for both right and left arm movements. This was a consistent pattern over a 7-year period for the case study, Data for the rectus abdominis derived from the case study demonstrated little laterality or directionally specific response.CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show that the feedforward activity of the TrA is specific to the direction of arm movement and not bilaterally symmetrical. The asymmetry of TrA activity during arm raising suggests that the interpretation of the role of TrA as a bilateral stabilizer during anticipatory postural adjustments needs to be revised. Future research needs to examine muscle synergies associated with the asymmetrical function of the TrA and the underlying mechanism associated with low-load stability training.