ART initiations following community-based distribution of HIV self-tests: meta-analysis and meta-regression of STAR Initiative data.

ART initiations following community-based distribution of HIV self-tests: meta-analysis and meta-regression of STAR Initiative data.
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DOI:
10.1136/bmjgh-2021-004986
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发表时间:
2021-07
期刊:
影响因子:
8.1
通讯作者:
Corbett EL
Corbett EL
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Neuman M;Fielding KL;Ayles H;Cowan FM;Hensen B;Indravudh PP;Johnson C;Sibanda EL;Hatzold K;Corbett EL

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在基于社区的测试,特别是艾滋病毒自我测试(HIVST)之后衡量联系是具有挑战性的。在这里,我们使用 STAR Initiative 内进行的基于社区的 HIVST 分布研究的数据来评估抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 的启动以及导致连锁率差异的因素。五项 STAR 研究评估了马拉维、赞比亚和津巴布韦的 HIVST 实施情况。以图表形式展示了 HIVST 和比较地区诊所干预几个月期间新的 ART 启动情况,并使用荟萃分析结合研究效果。元回归用于估计基于社区的 HIVST 分布的影响与实施背景、强度和范围指标之间的关联。使用效应大小估计(1)预先指定的 ART 时间和比较设施的试验定义,以及(2)解释 HIVST 意外扩散到 HIVST 分布少于预期的比较区域和时期的探索性定义。在 4/5 的研究中,与仅进行标准检测的臂相比,HIVST 分布区的诊所中 ART 的启动率更高。预先指定的荟萃分析发现 HIVST 对设施 ART 启动具有积极但可变的影响(RR:1.14,95%CI 0.93 至 1.40;p=0.21)。探索性荟萃分析发现 HIVST 分布对 ART 启动的影响更大(RR:1.29,95%CI 1.08 至 1.55,p=0.02)。在自我报告的人群水平 HIVST 使用强度较高的研究中,ART 启动率较高(RR:1.12;95%CI 1.04 至 1.21;p=0.02。),但在 HIV 感染者中 ART 使用的国家级指标、每 1000 人分发的 HIVST 试剂盒数量或自我报告的反应性 HIVST 后如何与护理联系的知识方面没有差异。与单独的标准检测服务相比,基于社区的 HIVST 分发对 ART 启动具有不同的影响。需要优化对 HIVST 后与艾滋病毒护理和预防的有效和及时联系或重新联系的支持和衡量方法,以最大限度地发挥影响并指导实施战略。
Measuring linkage after community-based testing, particularly HIV self-testing (HIVST), is challenging. Here, we use data from studies of community-based HIVST distribution, conducted within the STAR Initiative, to assess initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and factors driving differences in linkage rates. Five STAR studies evaluated HIVST implementation in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. New ART initiations during the months of intervention at clinics in HIVST and comparison areas were presented graphically, and study effects combined using meta-analysis. Meta-regression was used to estimate associations between the impact of community-based HIVST distribution and indicators of implementation context, intensity and reach. Effect size estimates used (1) prespecified trial definitions of ART timing and comparator facilities and (2) exploratory definitions accounting for unexpected diffusion of HIVST into comparison areas and periods with less distribution of HIVST than was expected. Compared with arms with standard testing only, ART initiations were higher in clinics in HIVST distribution areas in 4/5 studies. The prespecified meta-analysis found positive but variable effects of HIVST on facility ART initiations (RR: 1.14, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.40; p=0.21). The exploratory meta-analysis found a stronger impact of HIVST distribution on ART initiations (RR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.55, p=0.02). ART initiations were higher in studies with greater self-reported population-level intensity of HIVST use (RR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21; p=0.02.), but did not differ by national-level indicators of ART use among people living with HIV, number of HIVST kits distributed per 1000 population, or self-reported knowledge of how to link to care after a reactive HIVST. Community-based HIVST distribution has variable effect on ART initiations compared with standard testing service alone. Optimising both support for and approach to measurement of effective and timely linkage or relinkage to HIV care and prevention following HIVST is needed to maximise impact and guide implementation strategies.
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