Re-emphasizing mechanism in the community ecology of disease.
Re-emphasizing mechanism in the community ecology of disease.
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重新强调疾病群落生态学的机制。
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.13892
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Civitello,DavidJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shaw,KS;Civitello,DavidJ
寄生虫及其寄生物存在于复杂的生态群落中。然而，非焦点社区成员，不能被焦点病原体感染的物种，在改变寄生虫传播中可能发挥的作用往往只在“多样性-疾病”关系的透镜中通过关注物种丰富度来研究。这种方法在很大程度上忽略了机械的物种相互作用，并有可能使我们对疾病群落生态学的理解崩溃到定义“放大”与“稀释”效应的突出性。然而，非焦点物种在其特征，密度和与焦点宿主和寄生虫的相互作用类型方面各不相同。因此，基于寄生虫传播、宿主危害和动态物种相互作用机制的群落生态学方法可以更好地促进我们对复杂群落中寄生虫传播的理解。寄生虫和非焦点物种调节传播，并提供相关文献中的例子。通过关注非焦点物种影响传播的机制，我们可以强调疾病群落生态学中经典范式的相似性，获得新的见解寄生虫入侵和持久性，更好地预测与疾病稀释或放大相关的社区特征，并衡量生物防治的可行性，为保护，农业或人类健康关注的寄生虫。
Hosts and their parasites exist within complex ecological communities. However, the role that non‐focal community members, species which cannot be infected by a focal pathogen, may play in altering parasite transmission is often only studied in the lens of the ‘diversity‐disease’ relationship by focusing on species richness. This approach largely ignores mechanistic species interactions and risks collapsing our understanding of the community ecology of disease down to defining the prominence of ‘amplification’ versus ‘dilution’ effects.However, non‐focal species vary in their traits, densities and types of interactions with focal hosts and parasites. Therefore, a community ecology approach based on the mechanisms underlying parasite transmission, host harm and dynamic species interactions may better advance our understanding of parasite transmission in complex communities.Using the concept of the parasite's basic reproductive ratio,R0, as a generalizable framework, we examine several critical mechanisms by which interactions among hosts, parasites and non‐focal species modulate transmission and provide examples from relevant literature.By focusing on the mechanism by which non‐focal species impact transmission, we can emphasize the similarities among classic paradigms in the community ecology of disease, gain new insights into parasite invasion and persistence, better predict community traits correlated with disease dilution or amplification, and gauge the feasibility of biocontrol for parasites of conservation, agricultural or human health concern.A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.