Spatial scale of insect-mediated pollen dispersal in oilseed rape in an open agricultural landscape
Spatial scale of insect-mediated pollen dispersal in oilseed rape in an open agricultural landscape
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01904.x
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Vaissiere, Bernard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chifflet, Remy;Klein, Etienne K.;Vaissiere, Bernard E.
P>1。随着转基因植物的种植，人们对花粉传播基因的兴趣也越来越大。迄今为止，油菜（OSR）甘蓝型油菜花粉运动的实验数据和模型在景观尺度上没有明确区分风和昆虫介导的传播。昆虫介导的基因传播的估计将是有价值的管理潜在的逃逸的转基因。为了量化的强度和空间尺度的花粉传播昆虫传粉者在农业景观，诱饵点开花雄性不育OSR，吸引OSR传粉者位于六个距离（10-1100米），从最近的OSR领域和野生种群。通过网在这些雄性不育花上捕捉访花昆虫，并将其摩擦到在防花粉温室中生长的雄性不育OSR植物的柱头上，以对它们的花进行人工授粉。通过这种方式，我们能够评估昆虫的OSR花粉负荷和种子产量在六个距离中的每一个。大量的昆虫携带OSR花粉，并有助于种子生产，但不是花粉甲虫Meligethes aeneus。人工授粉结实率的Logistic回归分析表明，结实率随OSR场的接近程度、传粉昆虫的大小和主要日温度的增加而显著增加。授粉昆虫的目或属对结实没有影响。对于在距离最近的OSR场> 1100 m处捕获的大蜜蜂授粉的花朵，通过模型观察和预测的种子集都大于零。合成与应用。我们的研究提供了明确的证据表明，各种各样的昆虫物种可以在相当长的距离内在OSR植物之间转移有活力的花粉。而在雄性不育花上捕获的昆虫中，只有39个中心点携带OSR花粉，占总数的4%。我们的研究结果提供了宝贵的数据，以改善模型的花粉传播的虫媒作物在景观尺度。这些模型对于帮助土地管理者减少转基因植物的花粉传播到野生和栽培亲缘植物是必不可少的。
P>1. Interest in pollen-borne gene dispersal has grown with the cultivation of genetically modified plants. To date, both experimental data and models of oilseed rape (OSR) Brassica napus pollen movement at the landscape scale do not clearly differentiate between wind- and insect-mediated dispersal. Estimations of insect-mediated gene dispersal would be valuable for managing potential escapes of transgenes.2. To quantify the intensity and spatial scale of pollen dispersal by insect pollinators in an agricultural landscape, bait points made of flowering male-sterile OSR that attract OSR pollinators were located at six distances (10-1100 m) from the closest OSR fields and feral populations. Flower-visiting insects were caught by net on these male-sterile flowers and were rubbed onto the stigmas of male-sterile OSR plants grown in a pollen-proof greenhouse to do a manual pollination of their flowers. In this way we were able to assess the insects' OSR pollen load and seed production at each of the six distances.3. A large diversity of insects carried OSR pollen and contributed to seed production, but not pollen beetles Meligethes aeneus. Logistic regression analyses of the seed-set success from the manual pollination demonstrated that seed set significantly increased with the proximity of OSR fields, the size of the pollinating insect, and the main daily temperature. Seed set was not affected by the pollinating insect's order or genus. Seed set, both observed and predicted by the model, was above zero for flowers pollinated with large bees caught at > 1100 m from the nearest OSR field.4. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides clear evidence that a large variety of insect species can transfer viable pollen between OSR plants over considerable distances. However, only 39 center dot 4% of the insects caught on male-sterile flowers carried OSR pollen. Our results provide valuable data to improve models of pollen dispersal for entomophilous crops at the landscape scale. These models are essential to help land-managers reduce pollen-borne gene dispersal from genetically modified plants to wild and cultivated relatives.