Indoor air pollutants, ventilation rate determinants and potential control strategies in Chinese dwellings: A literature review.
Indoor air pollutants, ventilation rate determinants and potential control strategies in Chinese dwellings: A literature review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.047
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Ye;Xu Zhang;Jun Gao;G. Cao;Xiaoping Zhou;Xing Su
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Ye;Xu Zhang;Jun Gao;G. Cao;Xiaoping Zhou;Xing Su
经过近二十年的快速现代化和城市化，中国取得的巨大成就改变了中国人民的日常生活。然而，在室内和室外环境中前所未有的环境后果伴随着这一进步，并引发了公众对提高生活水平的认识和要求，特别是在住宅环境中。测量超过7000个住宅的室内污染数据对近10年来我国室内空气质量监测结果进行了回顾，其中约1/3为新装修的室内空气进行了挥发性有机物（VOC）检测，其余为颗粒物、邻苯二甲酸酯等半挥发性有机物（SVOCs）、水分/霉菌、无机气体和氡的检测，总结并与基于感官或健康终点的室内浓度建议进行比较。普遍存在的污染物超过浓度建议，包括颗粒物，甲醛，苯和其他挥发性有机化合物，水分/霉菌，无机气体和氡，表明中国住宅中常见的室内空气质量（IAQ）问题。由于缺乏预防措施，以不健康的浓度水平经口、吸入和皮肤接触这些污染物几乎不可避免。在中国典型的居住密度下，CO2、VOCs、湿度和氡可以作为通风的决定因素，各自具有不同的通风需求和策略;颗粒物的减少应该是确定通风需求的前提。介绍了两种对改善我国住宅室内空气品质有重要影响的定向通风方式：1）带空气净化器的自然通风（或开窗通风）和2）带空气过滤装置的机械通风，并对这两种方式的适用性和优缺点进行了比较。一般来说，模式2可以更可靠地确保良好的室内空气质量为居住者;而模式1由于其低成本和低能耗而更适用。然而，除了路线图之外，还需要做出大量努力来开发负担得起的，适用的和通用的通风解决方案，以改善中国住宅建筑的室内空气质量。
After nearly twenty years of rapid modernization and urbanization in China, huge achievements have transformed the daily lives of the Chinese people. However, unprecedented environmental consequences in both indoor and outdoor environments have accompanied this progress and have triggered public awareness and demands for improved living standards, especially in residential environments. Indoor pollution data measured for > 7000 dwellings (approximately 1/3 were newly decorated and were tested for volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements, while the rest were tested for particles, phthalates and other semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), moisture/mold, inorganic gases and radon) in China within the last ten years were reviewed, summarized and compared with indoor concentration recommendations based on sensory or health end-points. Ubiquitous pollutants that exceed the concentration recommendations, including particulate matter, formaldehyde, benzene and other VOCs, moisture/mold, inorganic gases and radon, were found, indicating a common indoor air quality (IAQ) issue in Chinese dwellings. With very little prevention, oral, inhalation and dermal exposure to those pollutants at unhealthy concentration levels is almost inevitable. CO2, VOCs, humidity and radon can serve as ventilation determinants, each with different ventilation demands and strategies, at typical occupant densities in China; and particle reduction should be a prerequisite for determining ventilation requirements. Two directional ventilation modes would have profound impacts on improving IAQ for Chinese residences are: 1) natural (or window) ventilation with an air cleaner and 2) mechanical ventilation with an air filtration unit, these two modes were reviewed and compared for their applicability and advantages and disadvantages for reducing human exposure to indoor air pollutants. In general, mode 2 can more reliably ensure good IAQ for occupants; while mode 1 is more applicable due to its low cost and low energy consumption. However, besides a roadmap, substantial efforts are still needed to develop affordable, applicable and general ventilation solutions to improve the IAQ of residential buildings in China.