CD8+ T cells in Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
CD8+ T cells in Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00281-015-0481-9
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Tarleton RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tarleton RL
克氏锥虫感染和恰加斯病仍然是被忽视的热带病中最被忽视的。尽管如此，对克氏锥虫免疫反应的研究为免疫学提供了新的见解，并为该疾病的预防和治疗方法提供了指导。克氏T细胞是研究CD8+ T细胞生物学的最佳系统之一；小鼠，狗和灵长类动物（以及许多其他哺乳动物）都是这种寄生虫的天然宿主，在这些宿主中产生的强大的T细胞反应可以很容易地使用全方位的尖端技术进行监测，并且寄生虫可以很容易地修饰以表达（或不表达）各种标签，报告，免疫增强和内源性或模型抗原。大多数宿主感染的特点是强烈而有效的免疫反应，包括CD8+ T细胞能够在受感染宿主细胞水平上控制克氏锥虫。然而，这种免疫控制仅部分有效，大多数宿主终生保持低水平感染。本文综述了高效CD8+ T细胞反应与复杂的病原体免疫逃避机制的相互作用，包括高度变异的CD8+ T细胞靶点的产生和同时表达以及宿主细胞入侵机制，这些机制在很大程度上逃避了先天免疫检测。
Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease remains among the most neglected of the neglected tropical diseases. Despite this, studies of the immune response to T. cruzi have provided new insights in immunology and guidance for approaches for prevention and treatment of the disease. T. cruzi represents one of the very best systems in which to study CD8+ T cell biology; Mice, dogs, and primates (and many other mammals) are all natural hosts for this parasite, the robust T cell responses generated in these hosts can be readily monitored using the full range of cutting edge techniques, and the parasite can be easily modified to express (or not) a variety of tags, reporters, immune enhances and endogenous or model antigens. The infection in most hosts is characterized by vigorous and largely effective immune responses, including CD8+ T cells capable of controlling T. cruzi at the level of the infected host cells. However this immune control is only partially effective and most hosts maintain a low level infection for life. This review addresses the interplay of highly effective CD8+ T cell responses with elaborate pathogen immune evasion mechanisms, including the generation and simultaneous expression of highly variant CD8+ T cell targets and a host cell invasion mechanisms that largely eludes innate immune detection.