Effectiveness of Synthetic Versus Natural Human Volatiles as Attractants for Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Sensu Stricto
Effectiveness of Synthetic Versus Natural Human Volatiles as Attractants for Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Sensu Stricto
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DOI：
10.1603/me09015
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Takken, Willem
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smallegange, Renate C.;Knols, Bart G. J.;Takken, Willem
非洲疟疾媒介冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto）的雌性利用人类挥发物来寻找血液宿主。先前的工作表明，氨、乳酸和脂肪族羧酸显着影响该物种的宿主定向和吸引力。在当前的研究中，在体内和体外测试了这些化合物相对于人类散发物的吸引力。在清洁空气中进行测试时，尼龙袜子上的人手散发的汗水和脚部皮肤残留物非常有吸引力。在双重选择测试中，足部皮肤残留物在体内比人手的散发物更具吸引力。单独的氨比新鲜的或孵化的汗液更能吸引蚊子。然而，人手或脚部皮肤残留物的气味比氨更有吸引力。一种已知的有吸引力的氨与乳酸和羧酸混合物的效果不如天然脚臭剂。结果表明，基于皮肤气味的合成混合物对 An 很有吸引力。冈比亚，但在体外选择的情况下，蚊子仍然更喜欢自然的皮肤气味。旧袜子和合成混合物之间挥发性有机化合物丰度的差异可能导致袜子具有更强的吸引力。这表明应考虑天然气味源的强度来评估候选引诱剂。数据还表明，来自人脚的其他未识别化合物参与了这种蚊子的寻找宿主行为。
Females of the African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto, use human volatiles to find their blood-host. Previous work has shown that ammonia, lactic acid, and aliphatic carboxylic acids significantly affect host orientation and attraction of this species. In the current study, these compounds were tested for their attractiveness relative to human emanations in vivo and in vitro. Emanations from a human hand, incubated sweat, and foot skin residues on a nylon sock were significantly attractive when tested against clean air. In a dual-choice test, foot skin residues were significantly more attractive than emanations from a human hand in vivo. Ammonia alone attracted more mosquitoes than fresh or incubated sweat. However, the odor of a human hand or of foot skin residues were more attractive than ammonia. A known attractive blend of ammonia with lactic acid and carboxylic acids was less effective than natural foot odorants. The results demonstrate that the synthetic blend based on skin odor is attractive for An. gambiae, but that in a choice situation in vitro natural skin odors are still preferred by the mosquito. Differences in volatile organic compound abundances between a worn sock and the synthetic blend may have resulted in stronger attraction to the sock. This suggests that candidate attractants should be evaluated with consideration of the strength of natural odorant sources. The data furthermore suggest that additional unidentified compounds from the human foot are involved in the host-seeking behavior of this mosquito species.