Context-sensitive valuation and learning.

Context-sensitive valuation and learning.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.05.001
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发表时间:
2021-10
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Daw ND
Daw ND
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hunter LE;Daw ND

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各种行为和神经现象表明,生物体评估结果不是绝对的效用规模,而是相对于一些动态和上下文敏感的参考或规模。有时,比如在觅食任务中,这会导致明智的选择;在其他情况下,比如在不同背景下学习的选项之间进行选择,可能会导致非理性的选择。我们认为,将这些不同现象统一起来并揭开神秘面纱的是,大脑的目标本身并不是评估效用,而是比较不同的选项以选择更好的选项。在存在不确定性、噪音或昂贵计算的情况下,根据上下文调整选项可以产生更准确的选择。
A variety of behavioral and neural phenomena suggest that organisms evaluate outcomes not on an absolute utility scale, but relative to some dynamic and context-sensitive reference or scale. Sometimes, as in foraging tasks, this results in sensible choices; in other situations, like choosing between options learned in different contexts, irrational choices can result. We argue that what unites and demystifies these various phenomena is that the brain’s goal is not assessing utility as an end in itself, but rather comparing different options to choose the better one. In the presence of uncertainty, noise, or costly computation, adjusting options to the context can produce more accurate choices.
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