Morphologic lesions and acute toxicity in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
Morphologic lesions and acute toxicity in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
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用 2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-p-二恶英处理的虹鳟鱼 (Salmo gairdneri) 的形态损伤和急性毒性。
DOI：
10.1080/15287398809531119
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Peterson,RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Spitsbergen,JM;Kleeman,JM;Peterson,RE
为了确定2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并-对-二恶英（TCDD）对虹鳟鱼生长、死亡和形态学病变的影响，对从4个孵化场获得的幼鱼Shasta或Wytheville品系鱼进行了分级单次剂量的TCDD（0.1-125 μg/kg，ip）给药。25和125 μg/kg剂量的TCDD在治疗后2-4周引起85%的致死率。在这些高剂量下，在可以检测到体重减轻之前发生死亡。5 μg/kg的较低剂量导致生长下降，11周后累积死亡率为20%。与每周一次的渔网和称重相关的压力显着缩短了TCDD诱导致死之前的延迟期。在接受10微克/千克四氯二苯并对二恶英处理的虹鳟鱼中出现了明显的肉眼和显微镜下病变，但在接受1或0.1微克/千克四氯二苯并对二恶英处理的鱼中没有出现病变。形态学病变发生一致的上皮和淋巴髓样组织TCDD处理的鱼。淋巴骨髓样病变包括胸腺退化、脾淋巴耗竭和头肾和干肾造血组织细胞减少。与造血功能下降，外周血白细胞减少和血小板减少症发生在沙斯塔品系一岁鳟鱼治疗1 μg/kg或更多的TCDD。在上皮病变方面，10 μg/kg或更高浓度TCDD处理的所有4个孵化品系均表现出贲门腺粘膜的多灶性坏死，3/4个孵化品系的胰腺外分泌细胞中出现空泡状包涵体，2/4个孵化品系的鳍坏死。肝脏和胃粘膜病变的严重程度和特征各不相同，
To determine effects of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) on growth, mortality, and morphologic lesions in rainbow trout, juvenile Shasta or Wytheville strain fish, obtained from 4 hatcheries, were administered graded single doses of TCDD, 0.1–125 μg/kg, ip. TCDD doses of 25 and 125 μg/kg caused 85% lethality 2–4 wk after treatment. At these high doses, death occurred before body weight loss could be detected. A lower dose of 5 μg/kg caused decreased growth and cumulative mortality of 20% after 11 wk. Stress associated with netting and weighing the fish at weekly intervals significantly shortened the delay period prior to TCDD‐induced lethality. Gross and microscopic lesions were evident in rainbow trout treated with 10 μg TCDD/kg, but not in fish treated with 1 or 0.1 μg/kg. Morphologic lesions occurred consistently in epithelial and lymphomyeloid tissues of TCDD‐treated fish. Lymphomyeloid lesions included thymic involution, splenic lymphoid depletion, and hypocellularity of hematopoietic tissues in the head kidney and trunk kidney. In association with decreased hematopoiesis, peripheral leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in Shasta strain yearling trout treated with 1 μg/kg or more TCDD. Regarding epithelial lesions, all 4 hatchery strains treated with 10 μg/kg or more TCDD showed multifocal necrosis of gastric cardiac glandular mucosa, 3 of 4 hatchery strains showed vacuolar inclusions in exocrine pancreatic cells, and 2 of 4 hatchery strains showed fin necrosis. The severity and character of lesions in the liver and gastric mucosa varied mark‐