Managing residual flood risk behind levees: Comparing USA , France, and Quebec (Canada)
Managing residual flood risk behind levees: Comparing USA , France, and Quebec (Canada)
复制标题
管理堤坝后面的残余洪水风险：比较美国、法国和魁北克（加拿大）
DOI：
10.1111/jfr3.12785
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Buffin‐Belanger, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Serra‐Llobet, Anna;Tourment, Rémy;Montané, Antonin;Buffin‐Belanger, Thomas
虽然在美国、法国和魁北克（加拿大），防洪堤等水利基础设施对洪水风险管理仍然很重要，但人们越来越重视非结构性措施，如洪水监管图，以减少风险和脆弱性，例如，防止人们在高风险地区建造房屋。与堤坝保护区有关的一个关键概念是“剩余风险”，即大于堤坝设计标准的洪水（堤坝漫顶）和堤坝决口的风险。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了美国，法国和魁北克（加拿大）监管洪水图的立法框架，并比较了如何在监管洪水图中考虑（或不考虑）保护结构背后的剩余风险。我们发现，美国、法国和加拿大在如何管理堤坝后的剩余风险方面存在很大差异。在法国，堤坝后面的区域是洪水易发区的一部分，土地使用限制、建筑规范、应急措施和风险沟通是强制性的，而在美国，如果堤坝没有得到认证，堤坝后面的区域只显示为洪水易发区的一部分。在魁北克，除少数例外，洪水管理图一般遵循法国方法。
Although hydraulic infrastructure such as levees remain important for flood risk management in the USA, France, and Quebec (Canada), there is increasing emphasis on nonstructural measures, such as regulatory flood maps, to reduce exposure and vulnerability, for example, preventing people from building in high hazard areas. One key concept related to areas protected by levees is that of “residual risk”, that is, the risk from floods greater than the design standard of the levees (levee overtopping) and from levee breach. In this article, we review the legislative framework for regulatory flood maps in the USA, France, and Quebec (Canada) and compare how residual risk behind protective structures is taken into account (or not) in regulatory flood maps. We find big differences in how the USA, France and Canada manage residual risk behind the levees. While in France the area behind levees is part of the regulatory flood prone area, and land use restrictions, building codes, emergency measures and risk communication are mandatory, in the USA the area behind levees is only shown as part of the regulatory flood prone area if the levee is not accredited. In Quebec, regulatory flood maps in general follow the French approach with a few exceptions.