NSF workshop report: discovering general principles of nervous system organization by comparing brain maps across species.
NSF workshop report: discovering general principles of nervous system organization by comparing brain maps across species.
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NSF 研讨会报告：通过比较不同物种的大脑图谱发现神经系统组织的一般原理。
DOI：
10.1002/cne.23568
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Karten,Harvey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Striedter,GeorgF;Belgard,TGrant;Chen,Chun-Chun;Davis,FredP;Finlay,BarbaraL;Güntürkün,Onur;Hale,MelinaE;Harris,JulieA;Hecht,ErinE;Hof,PatrickR;Hofmann,HansA;Holland,LindaZ;Iwaniuk,AndrewN;Jarvis,ErichD;Karten,Harvey
联邦脑研究通过推进创新神经技术 (BRAIN) 计划为了解神经系统结构和功能的努力提供了新的动力。比较分析可以通过发现神经回路设计、信息处理和基因-结构-功能关系的一般原理来促进这一努力，而这些原理在单一物种的研究中并不明显。我们在这里建议将比较方法扩展到包括分子、解剖和生理数据的神经系统“图”。这项研究将确定哪些神经特征可能在物种之间普遍存在，哪些神经特征不太可能广泛保守。它还将表明基因、发育、成人解剖学、生理学以及最终行为之间的因果关系。然后可以通过实验来检验这些因果假设。最后，比较研究的见解可以启发和指导技术发展。为了促进这一研究议程，我们建议研究人员团队围绕具体的研究问题联合起来，并选择一组“参考物种”来锚定他们的比较分析。选择这些参考物种不仅应考虑实际优势，还应考虑其系统发育位置、行为库、注释良好的基因组或其他战略原因。我们预计这些参考物种的神经系统将比其他物种的神经系统更详细地被绘制出来。收集的数据范围可能从分子到行为，具体取决于研究问题。为了整合跨层次和跨物种的分析，必须制定并遵守数据收集、注释、归档和分发的标准。为此，它将有助于形成研究人员网络或联盟以及科学、技术和教育中心，重点关注有组织的数据收集、分发和培训。这些活动至少可以部分地通过 NSF、NIH 和其他机构的现有机制得到支持。开发用于跨物种数据分析的新集成软件和数据库系统也很重要。开发此类分析工具的多学科努力应得到财政支持。最后，应该创造培训机会，以促进对大脑结构、功能和进化的多学科、综合研究。
Efforts to understand nervous system structure and function have received new impetus from the federal Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative. Comparative analyses can contribute to this effort by leading to the discovery of general principles of neural circuit design, information processing, and gene-structure-function relationships that are not apparent from studies on single species. We here propose to extend the comparative approach to nervous system ‘maps' comprising molecular, anatomical, and physiological data. This research will identify which neural features are likely to generalize across species, and which are unlikely to be broadly conserved. It will also suggest causal relationships between genes, development, adult anatomy, physiology, and, ultimately, behavior. These causal hypotheses can then be tested experimentally. Finally, insights from comparative research can inspire and guide technological development. To promote this research agenda, we recommend that teams of investigators coalesce around specific research questions and select a set of ‘reference species' to anchor their comparative analyses. These reference species should be chosen not just for practical advantages, but also with regard for their phylogenetic position, behavioral repertoire, well-annotated genome, or other strategic reasons. We envision that the nervous systems of these reference species will be mapped in more detail than those of other species. The collected data may range from the molecular to the behavioral, depending on the research question. To integrate across levels of analysis and across species, standards for data collection, annotation, archiving, and distribution must be developed and respected. To that end, it will help to form networks or consortia of researchers and centers for science, technology, and education that focus on organized data collection, distribution, and training. These activities could be supported, at least in part, through existing mechanisms at NSF, NIH, and other agencies. It will also be important to develop new integrated software and database systems for cross-species data analyses. Multidisciplinary efforts to develop such analytical tools should be supported financially. Finally, training opportunities should be created to stimulate multidisciplinary, integrative research into brain structure, function, and evolution.