The molecular universe
The molecular universe
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.85.1021
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发表时间：
2013-07-12
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Tielens, A. G. G. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tielens, A. G. G. M.
大多数含有伴生气体的物体的可见光、红外和亚毫米光谱中，分子吸收和发射带占主导地位。这些观测结果揭示了令人惊讶的丰富的分子种类，并证明了在星系星际介质的恶劣环境中发生的复杂化学反应。分子确实无处不在，并且是星际气体的重要组成部分。这篇综述调查了各种光谱窗口中的分子观测结果，总结了星际分子形成和演化所涉及的化学和物理过程。太空丰富的有机库存反映了涉及的众多化学过程，一方面，一次形成一个原子的分子，另一方面，将恒星注入的大分子分解成更小的碎片。对这种自下而上和滴下的化学反应都进行了审查。重点是了解复杂的多环芳烃分子和富勒烯的特征及其在化学中的作用，以及气相离子分子和中性-中性反应的复杂相互作用，以及稠密云中颗粒表面发生的化学反应，确定恒星和行星形成区域的有机清单及其对太阳系化学历史的影响。赫歇尔空间天文台 HIFI 仪器最近的观测说明了分子天体物理学的许多方面。
Molecular absorption and emission bands dominate the visible, infrared, and submillimeter spectra of most objects with associated gas. These observations reveal a surprisingly rich array of molecular species and attest to a complex chemistry taking place in the harsh environment of the interstellar medium of galaxies. Molecules are truly everywhere and an important component of interstellar gas. This review surveys molecular observations in the various spectral windows and summarizes the chemical and physical processes involved in the formation and evolution of interstellar molecules. The rich organic inventory of space reflects the multitude of chemical processes involved that, on the one hand, build up molecules an atom at a time and, on the other hand, break down large molecules injected by stars to smaller fragments. Both this bottom-up and the trickle-down chemistry are reviewed. The emphasis is on understanding the characteristics of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules and fullerenes and their role in chemistry as well as the intricate interaction of gas-phase ion-molecule and neutral-neutral reactions and the chemistry taking place on grain surfaces in dense clouds in setting the organic inventory of regions of star and planet formation and their implications for the chemical history of the Solar System. Many aspects of molecular astrophysics are illustrated with recent observations of the HIFI instrument on the Herschel Space Observatory.