A low-profile wall shear comparator to mount and test surface samples

A low-profile wall shear comparator to mount and test surface samples
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用于安装和测试表面样品的薄型壁剪切比较器

DOI:
10.1007/s00348-020-2922-z
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Kim, Chang-Jin
Kim, Chang-Jin
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu, Muchen;Arihara, Blaine;Tong, Hao;Yu, Ning;Ujiie, Yuta;Kim, Chang-Jin

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精确测量固体表面的剪应力是流体力学中的一项重要而富有挑战性的任务。不同的传感器通常用于不同的实验环境:水槽、风洞、拖曳水箱、船舶、飞机等。本文设计了一种直剪式传感器,以适应不同的试验对象和流动条件。剪切传感器的设计目的是比较两个不同的样品表面,它由两个浮动元件和两个光学编码器组成,浮动元件的位移与它们所经历的剪切应力成比例,两个光学编码器正好位于浮动元件的正下方,可以精确地测量位移。主板包括两套相同的浮动元件和弯曲梁,由一块厚金属整体加工而成,只允许在一个面内方向上移动。并排布置允许两个浮动元件经历基本上相同的流动条件,而不考虑测试条件,从而实现比较传感。给出了宽度为微米级、厚度为毫米级、长度为厘米级的折梁弯曲件的加工方法。主板采用有限元分析方法进行设计,以确保浮体的动力响应符合目标流动条件。在三种不同的流动环境中,即水洞、开阔水域中的船和风洞中,验证了该剪切传感器的实用性。还开发了一种微型水下摄像系统,用于在对移动物体(如船)进行测试时观察样品表面。
AbstractAccurate measurement of shear stress on a solid surface is a crucial but challenging task in fluid mechanics. Different sensors are usually used for different experimental settings: water channel, wind tunnel, towing tank, watercraft, aircraft, etc. This paper presents a direct shear sensor designed to work for varying test objects and flow conditions. Designed to compare two different sample surfaces, the shear sensor is comprised of two floating elements, whose displacement is proportional to the shear stress they experience, and two optical encoders, which measure the displacements precisely, right under the floating elements. The main plate includes two identical sets of floating elements and flexure beams machined monolithically from a thick piece of metal, allowing displacements in only one in-plane direction. The side-by-side arrangement allows the two floating elements to experience essentially the same flow conditions, regardless of test condition, enabling the comparative sensing. The method of machining these folded-beam flexures, whose width is on the scale of micrometers, while thickness and length are in millimeters and centimeters, respectively, is presented. The main plate is designed with the help of finite element analysis to ensure dynamic response of the floating elements is appropriate for target flow conditions. The utility of the shear sensor is verified in three different flow settings, i.e., water tunnel, boat in open water, and wind tunnel. A miniature underwater camera system is also developed to observe the sample surfaces during testing on a moving object, such as a boat.Graphic abstract
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