Word length, proportion of overlap, and phonological competition in spoken word recognition
Word length, proportion of overlap, and phonological competition in spoken word recognition
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Elizabeth Simmons;J. Magnuson
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作者：
Elizabeth Simmons;J. Magnuson
我们考察了口语单词识别中的语音竞争效应如何随着词长的变化而变化。队列效应(开头重叠的单词之间的竞争)很强，很容易复制。押韵效应(发音时不匹配的单词之间的竞争)较弱，在口语单词识别的时间进程中出现得较晚，更难复制。我们进行了一个简单的实验来考察单音节和双音节单词的队列和押韵竞争。通过语音重叠的比例来预测竞争程度。较长的押韵，在共享音素的数量和比例上都有更大的重叠，竞争更激烈(例如，kettle-Medal[0.8重叠]vs cat-mat[0.67重叠])。相比之下，被约束为具有恒定(2音素)重叠的长和短队列对的重叠比例不同。较长的队列对(例如，照相机-蜡烛)的重叠比例(在本例中为0.33)低于较短的队列(例如，猫-罐，重叠为0.67)，并且竞争更弱。这一发现具有方法论意义(较短的单词不太可能观察到押韵效应，而较长的单词则不太可能观察到队列效应)，但也有理论意义：竞争程度不是音素重叠的简单函数；竞争程度取决于重叠的比例。用TRACE进行的模拟有助于解释这一结果可能会如何出现。
We examined how phonological competition effects in spoken word recognition change with word length. Cohort effects (competition between words that overlap at onset) are strong and easily replicated. Rhyme effects (competition between words that mismatch at onset) are weaker, emerge later in the time course of spoken word recognition, and are more difficult to replicate. We conducted a simple experiment to examine cohort and rhyme competition using monosyllabic vs. bisyllabic words. Degree of competition was predicted by proportion of phonological overlap. Longer rhymes, with greater overlap in both number and proportion of shared phonemes, compete more strongly (e.g., kettle-medal [0.8 overlap] vs. cat-mat [0.67 overlap]). In contrast, long and short cohort pairs constrained to have constant (2-phoneme) overlap vary in proportion of overlap. Longer cohort pairs (e.g., camera-candle) have lower proportion of overlap (in this example, 0.33) than shorter cohorts (e.g., cat-can, with 0.67 overlap) and compete more weakly. This finding has methodological implications (rhyme effects are less likely to be observed with shorter words, while cohort effects are diminished for longer words), but also theoretical implications: degree of competition is not a simple function of overlapping phonemes; degree of competition is conditioned on proportion of overlap. Simulations with TRACE help explicate how this result might emerge.