Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords.
Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords.
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DOI：
10.1038/s43247-020-00032-3
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
van der Veen CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rezvanbehbahani S;Stearns LA;Keramati R;Shankar S;van der Veen CJ
冰山代表了格陵兰冰盖损失的近一半质量，并沿着沿着峡湾提供了分布式的淡水来源，可以改变峡湾环流，营养水平，并最终改变经向翻转环流。在这里，我们使用卷积神经网络对高分辨率光学卫星图像进行分析，以准确地描绘两个东格陵兰峡湾的冰山边缘。我们发现，在峡湾的冰山的显着一部分是由小冰山，没有检测到以前可用的粗分辨率卫星图像。我们表明，小冰山的优势，结果在高淡水输送，以及在峡湾的冰山寿命短。我们的结论是，无法识别小冰山导致不准确的频率大小分布的冰山在格陵兰峡湾，低估的冰山面积（特别是小冰山），和高估的冰山寿命。小冰山在格陵兰峡湾的冰山中占很大比例，并且已经低于早期卫星数据的检测和分辨率极限，这表明使用深度神经网络对高分辨率图像进行分析。
Icebergs represent nearly half of the mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and provide a distributed source of freshwater along fjords which can alter fjord circulation, nutrient levels, and ultimately the Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here we present analyses of high resolution optical satellite imagery using convolutional neural networks to accurately delineate iceberg edges in two East Greenland fjords. We find that a significant portion of icebergs in fjords are comprised of small icebergs that were not detected in previously-available coarser resolution satellite images. We show that the preponderance of small icebergs results in high freshwater delivery, as well as a short life span of icebergs in fjords. We conclude that an inability to identify small icebergs leads to inaccurate frequency-size distribution of icebergs in Greenland fjords, an underestimation of iceberg area (specifically for small icebergs), and an overestimation of iceberg life span. Small icebergs comprise a significant fraction of icebergs in Greenland fjords and have fallen below the detection and resolution limit of earlier satellite data, suggest analyses of high-resolution imagery with deep neural networks.
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