PERFORMANCE OF A GPS ANIMAL LOCATION SYSTEM UNDER BOREAL FOREST CANOPY
PERFORMANCE OF A GPS ANIMAL LOCATION SYSTEM UNDER BOREAL FOREST CANOPY
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DOI：
10.2307/3802461
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发表时间：
1995-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
ABRAHAM, KF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
REMPEL, RS;RODGERS, AR;ABRAHAM, KF
一个基于全球定位系统（GPS）技术的自动动物定位系统正在用于野生动物研究。GPS是一种发散技术，定位精度在毫米到几十米之间变化，具体取决于所使用的系统和操作条件。在基于GPS的跟踪数据可以用于生境分析，生境对GPS项圈性能的影响必须在各种树冠条件下进行评估，包括最佳条件下没有树冠。我们评估了性能的非差分校正GPS项圈在实验森林中的成熟，均匀分布的树木和野生自由放养驼鹿（Alces alces），以确定冠层的位置精度和观测率的影响。在均匀株距的成龄试验林（以下简称株距试验）中，树种、株距、树高、地径、郁闭度等林冠特征对定位精度无影响（P > 0.05），但对GPS观测率有影响（P < 0.001）。如果位置是基于二维而不是三维操作模式，则定位误差更大（P < 0.001），定位误差分别为65.5和45.8 m。三维模式中的定位误差与40 m的预期误差没有差异（P = 0.43）。随着树木密度的增加，观测率降低，GPS接收机工作在二维模式的概率增加（P < 0.001），导致定位误差增加。随着差分校正GPS项圈的发展，
An automated animal location system, based on Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, is being used for wildlife research. The GPS is a divergent technology, and positional accuracies vary between millimeters and tens of meters, depending on the system used and operating conditions. Before GPS-based tracking data can be used for habitat analyses, the influence of habitat on GPS-collar performance must be evaluated under various canopy conditions, including the optimal condition of no canopy. We evaluated performance of nondifferentially corrected GPS collars in an experimental forest with mature, evenly spaced trees and on wild free-ranging moose (Alces alces) to determine the influence of canopy on positional accuracy and observation rate. In an experimental forest with mature, evenly spaced trees (henceforth called spacing trial), canopy characteristics of tree species, spacing, height, basal diameter, and canopy closure had no influence on positional accuracy (P > 0.05), but had an influence on GPS observation rate (P < 0.001). Location error was greater if positions were based on 2-dimensional rather than 3-dimensional mode of operation (P < 0.001), with location errors of 65.5 and 45.8 m, respectively. Location error in 3-dimensional mode did not differ from the expected error of 40 m (P = 0.43). As tree density increased, observation rate decreased and the probability of the GPS receiver operating in 2-dimensional mode increased (P < 0.001), resulting in increased location error. With future development of differentially corrected GPS collars, location errors of