Valuing the diversity of biodiversity
Valuing the diversity of biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.07.034
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发表时间：
2006-06-15
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Hyde, Tony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christie, Mike;Hanley, Nick;Hyde, Tony
决策者对生物多样性水平下降的关切作出了反应，采取了一系列政策措施，包括农业环境和野生动物管理计划。这类措施的成本比较容易确定，但效益却不太容易估计。经济学可以通过引出公众对生物多样性不同属性的偏好，帮助指导生物多样性政策的设计。然而，由于一般公众对生物多样性的认识和理解水平普遍较低，这一问题变得复杂。在本文中，我们报告的研究，应用选择实验和条件价值评估方法来评估生物多样性的多样性。焦点小组被用来确定生物多样性的生态概念，是重要的和相关的公众，并发现如何最好地描述这些概念在一个有意义的和可理解的方式。一个选择实验研究了一系列的生物多样性属性，包括物种的熟悉程度，物种稀有性，栖息地和生态系统过程，而或然估值研究探讨了公众愿意支付与农业环境和栖息地重建政策相关的生物多样性增强。从估值研究中得出的主要结论是，公众对生物多样性的大多数方面（但不是所有方面）有积极的估值偏好，但他们似乎对如何实现生物多样性保护基本上漠不关心。最后，我们还调查在何种程度上的估值研讨会的方法来收集数据，可以克服一些可能的信息问题与复杂的商品的估值。主要结论是，讲习班中更多的信息交流和小组讨论机会有助于减少价值估计数的可变性。(c)2005 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Policy makers have responded to concerns over declining levels of biodiversity by introducing a range of policy measures including agri-environment and wildlife management schemes. Costs for such measures are relatively easy to establish, but benefits are less easily estimated. Economics can help guide the design of biodiversity policy by eliciting public preferences on different attributes of biodiversity. However, this is complicated by the generally low level of awareness and understanding of what biodiversity means on the part of the general public. In this paper we report research that applied the choice experiment and contingent valuation methods to value the diversity of biological diversity. Focus groups were used to identify ecological concepts of biodiversity that were important and relevant to the public, and to discover how best to describe these concepts in a meaningful and understandable manner. A choice experiment examined a range of biodiversity attributes including familiarity of species, species rarity, habitat, and ecosystem processes, while a contingent valuation study examined public willingness to pay for biodiversity enhancements associated with agri-environmental and habitat re-creation policy. The key conclusions drawn from the valuation studies were that the public has positive valuation preferences for most, but not all, aspects of biodiversity, but that they appeared to be largely indifferent to how biodiversity protection was achieved. Finally, we also investigate the extent to which valuation workshop approaches to data collection can overcome some of the possible information problems associated with the valuation of complex goods. The key conclusion was that the additional opportunities for information exchange and group discussion in the workshops helped to reduce the variability of value estimates. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.