Can animal genetics and flock management be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also maintain productivity of wool-producing enterprises?
Can animal genetics and flock management be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also maintain productivity of wool-producing enterprises?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agsy.2014.06.007
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Eckard, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alcock, Douglas J.;Harrison, Matthew T.;Eckard, Richard J.
减少畜牧业温室气体（GHG）排放的农场干预策略可能会减少与农业相关的全球排放，尽管农民不太可能采用新的农业措施，除非它们也能提高农场的盈利能力。肠甲烷排放和羊毛排放强度的羊企业在澳大利亚南部。两个企业不同的羔羊销售年龄模拟使用模型GrassGro;剩余的动物在18周（断奶）或12个月大（一岁）出售。我们研究了产羔时间（LT）、在7月龄而不是19月龄加入处女母羊（JA）、提高羔羊断奶率（WR）或在羊毛重量（FW）、饲料效率（FE）和/或甲烷产量（MY）方面提高10%的上级基因型的影响。基线企业的平均羊毛排放强度和利润率分别为55千克清洁羊毛/公顷、3.2吨CO2当量/公顷、31千克CO2当量/千克清洁羊毛和569美元/公顷。相对于这些值，JA、WR、FW、FE、LT和MY策略的平均盈利能力分别增加了18%、15%、10%、9%、8%和0%;羊毛产量的相关变化为0%、-3%、11%、0%、2%和0%，羊毛排放强度变化为-4%、-8%、-5%、-7%、0%和-10%，提高断奶率和引入甲烷产量较低的基因型可最大程度地降低羊毛排放强度。替代战略对农场经济、生产和羊毛排放强度的相对影响之间的差异表明，农场的适应将取决于个体农民的目标。如果目标是增加盈利能力，羊群管理干预措施是最有益的;如果目标是减少排放强度，包含几个遗传性状的改进的上级品种具有最大的潜力。我们证明，没有干预-农场管理，动物基因型或其他-是可能实现同时改善所有的生产，盈利能力，净农场排放和羊毛排放强度。在目前的碳价格下，如果温室气体减排的经济回报与提高生产力的经济回报相等，则需要超过150美元/吨CO2当量的补贴，这表明羊毛生产商几乎没有动力参与这里模拟的干预战略下的碳农业倡议。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Farm intervention strategies that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the livestock industries may reduce global emissions associated with agriculture, though farmers are unlikely to adopt new practises unless they also improve farm profitability Here our objective was to explore the effect of manipulating enterprise management or animal genotype on whole-farm production, profitability, enteric methane emissions and wool emissions intensities of sheep enterprises in southern Australia. Two enterprises that differed in lamb sale age were simulated using the model GrassGro; surplus animals were sold at either 18 weeks (weaner) or 12 months old (yearling). We examined the influence of lambing time (LT), joining maiden ewes at 7 months instead of 19 months of age (JA), increasing lamb weaning rates (WR), or superior genotypes with 10% improvement in fleece weight (FW), feed efficiency (FE) and/or methane yield (MY).Annual wool production, methane emissions, wool emissions intensities and profitability averaged across the baseline enterprises were 55 kg clean wool/ha, 3.2 t CO2-eq/ha, 31 kg CO2-eq/kg clean wool and $569/ha. Relative to these values average profitability increased by up to 18%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8% and 0% for the JA, WR, FW, FE, LT and MY strategies; associated changes in wool production were 0%, -3%, 11%, 0%, 2% and 0%, and wool emissions intensities changed by -4%, -8%, -5%, -7%, 0% and -10%, respectively.Increasing weaning rate and introducing genotypes with lower methane yield afforded the greatest reductions in wool emissions intensities. Divergence between the relative effects of alternative strategies on farm economics, production and wool emissions intensities suggests that farm adaptations will depend on the goal of the individual farmer. If the goal is to increase profitability, flock management interventions are most beneficial; if the goal is to reduce emissions intensity, superior breeds containing improvements in several genetic traits have the greatest potential. We demonstrate that no intervention - to farm management, animal genotype or otherwise - is likely to achieve simultaneous improvements in all of production, profitability, net farm emissions and wool emissions intensity. Under current carbon prices, subsidies greater than $150/t CO2-eq would be required if economic returns from GHG abatement were to equal those from increased productivity, suggesting there would be little incentive for wool producers to participate in the Carbon Farming Initiative under the intervention strategies modelled here. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.