Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies
Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/81.1.243s
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Manach, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williamson, G;Manach, C
对于某些类别的膳食多酚，现在有足够的干预研究，以生物标志物的短期变化为基础，表明对人体体内影响的类型和程度。异黄酮（在大豆中发现的染料木素和大豆黄酮）对绝经后妇女的骨骼健康有显著影响，同时还有一些微弱的激素作用。单体儿茶素（在茶中发现的浓度特别高）对血浆抗氧化生物标志物和能量代谢有影响。原花青素（在红酒、葡萄、可可、蔓越莓、苹果和碧萝芷酚等补充剂中高浓度存在的低聚儿茶素）对血管系统有显著影响，包括但不限于血浆抗氧化活性。槲皮素（黄酮醇类的主要代表，高浓度存在于洋葱、苹果、红酒、西兰花、茶和银杏叶中）影响一些致癌标志物，并对体内血浆抗氧化生物标志物有小影响，尽管一些研究未能发现这种影响。与多酚在体外的作用相比，其在体内的作用虽然显著，但更为有限。其原因是：1)缺乏有效的体内生物标志物，特别是在致癌领域；2)缺乏长期研究；3)在体外研究中缺乏对生物利用度的理解或考虑，随后用于体内实验的设计。是时候重新思考体外和体内研究的设计了。所以这些问题都是经过仔细考虑的。应增加人为干预研究的长度，以更密切地反映长期饮食中多酚的摄入量。
For some classes of dietary polyphenols, there are now sufficient intervention studies to indicate the type and magnitude of effects among humans in vivo, on the basis of short-term changes in biomarkers. Isoflavones (genistein and daidzein, found in soy) have significant effects on bone health among postmenopausal women, together with some weak hormonal effects. Monomeric catechins (found at especially high concentrations in tea) have effects on plasma antioxidant biomarkers and energy metabolism. Procyanidins (oligomeric catechins found at high concentrations in red wine, grapes, cocoa, cranberries, apples, and some supplements such as Pycnogenol) have pronounced effects on the vascular system, including but not limited to plasma antioxidant activity. Quercetin (the main representative of the flavonol class, found at high concentrations in onions, apples, red wine, broccoli, tea, and Ginkgo biloba) influences some carcinogenesis markers and has small effects on plasma antioxidant biomarkers in vivo, although some studies failed to find this effect. Compared with the effects of polyphenols in vitro, the effects in vivo, although significant, are more limited. The reasons for this are 1) lack of validated in vivo biomarkers, especially in the area of carcinogenesis- 2) lack of long-term studies; and 3) lack of understanding or consideration of bioavailability in the in vitro studies, which are subsequently used for the design of in vivo experiments. It is time to rethink the design of in vitro and in vivo studies. so that these issues are carefully considered. The length of human intervention studies should be increased, to more closely reflect the long-term dietary consumption of polyphenols.