Atmospheric emissions of typical toxic heavy metals from open burning of municipal solid waste in China
Atmospheric emissions of typical toxic heavy metals from open burning of municipal solid waste in China
复制标题
中国城市固体废物露天焚烧典型有毒重金属的大气排放
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.017
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Shuhan Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yan Wang;Ke Cheng;Weidong Wu;Hezhong Tian;Peng Yi;Guorui Zhi;Jing Fan;Shuhan Liu
城市生活垃圾中含有大量的有害成分，在人口密集的城市地区，城市生活垃圾的露天焚烧会直接暴露于有害物质中。采用模糊数学方法和S型曲线确定了污染物排放因子的最佳代表性，并编制了9种典型有毒重金属的综合排放清单（THMs，例如汞（Hg）、砷（As）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、硒（Se）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn），首次建立了2000-2013年中国城市生活垃圾露天焚烧产生的镍（Ni）的排放规律。在此基础上，利用替代指标对2013年的排放量进行了0.5° × 0.5°网格的高空间分辨率分配。结果表明，城市生活垃圾露天焚烧产生的9种典型三卤甲烷排放量分别为：Hg 21.25 t，As 131.52 t，Pb 97.12 t，Cd 10.12 t，Cr 50.58 t，Se 81.95 t，Cu 382.42 t，Zn 1790.70 t，Ni 43.50 t。就空间变化而言，大部分排放集中在相对发达和人口密集的地区，特别是东部、中部和南部地区。此外，还根据控制建议的独立和协作效果的不同情景，预测了2015-2030年期间的未来排放量，包括减少废物，提高城市固体废物焚烧率，以及加强废物分类和回收，上述建议的协同效应有望为中国城市生活垃圾露天焚烧带来除汞以外最有效的三卤甲烷减排。其结果将补充所有人为排放，并有助于相关政策制定和改善城市空气质量以及人类健康。
Municipal solid waste (MSW) contains considerable hazardous components and the widely-distributed open MSW burning in heavily-populated urban areas can cause direct exposure of hazardous materials to citizens. By determining the best available representation of composition-varying and time-varying emission factors with fuzzy mathematics method and S-shape curves, a comprehensive atmospheric emission inventories of 9 typical toxic heavy metals (THMs, e.g. mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni)) from open MSW burning activities in China is established during the period of 2000–2013 for the first time. Further, the emissions in 2013 are allocated at a high spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° grid by surrogate indexes. The results show that 9 typical THMs emissions from open MSW burning are estimated at 21.25 t for Hg, 131.52 t for As, 97.12 t for Pb, 10.12 t for Cd, 50.58 t for Cr, 81.95 t for Se, 382.42 t for Cu, 1790.70 t for Zn, and 43.50 t for Ni, respectively. In terms of spatial variation, the majority of emissions are concentrated in relatively developed and densely-populated regions, especially for the eastern, central and southern regions. Moreover, future emissions are also projected for the period of 2015–2030 based on different scenarios of the independent and collaborative effects of control proposals including minimizing waste, improving MSW incineration ratio, and enhancing waste sorting and recycling, etc. The collaborative effect of the above proposals is expected to bring the most effective reduction to THMs emissions from open MSW burning in China except for Hg. The results will be supplementary to all anthropogenic emissions and useful for relevant policy-making and the improvement of urban air quality as well as human health.