Spiracular air breathing in polypterid fishes and its implications for aerial respiration in stem tetrapods
Spiracular air breathing in polypterid fishes and its implications for aerial respiration in stem tetrapods
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms4022
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Long, John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Graham, Jeffrey B.;Wegner, Nicholas C.;Long, John A.
多植物（Bichirs和Ropefish）是现存的基底肌动蛋白（射线 - 固定）鱼，它们在肺结构中与现存的叶鳍sarcopterygians（Lungfishs and Tetrapods）共享空气并具有相似之处。它们也类似于某些化石肌肉发达者，包括茎四足动物，在头顶上有大型配对开口（螺旋）。尚不清楚螺旋螺旋体在多翅目呼吸中的作用，早期的报道表明，多聚植物可以通过螺旋螺旋体吸气，而后来的报道在很大程度上驳回了这种观察结果。在这里，我们通过展示结构，行为，视频，运动学和压力数据来解决100年历史的谜团，这些结构，运动和压力数据显示了螺旋液介导的抽吸占四种息肉中所有空气呼吸的93％。多翅目螺旋螺旋的大小和位置与某些茎四足动物的相似性表明，在鱼四脚架从水到陆地过渡期间，肺气呼吸可能是重要的呼吸策略。
The polypterids (bichirs and ropefish) are extant basal actinopterygian (ray-finned) fishes that breathe air and share similarities with extant lobe-finned sarcopterygians (lungfishes and tetrapods) in lung structure. They are also similar to some fossil sarcopterygians, including stem tetrapods, in having large paired openings (spiracles) on top of their head. The role of spiracles in polypterid respiration has been unclear, with early reports suggesting that polypterids could inhale air through the spiracles, while later reports have largely dismissed such observations. Here we resolve the 100-year-old mystery by presenting structural, behavioural, video, kinematic and pressure data that show spiracle-mediated aspiration accounts for up to 93% of all air breaths in four species of Polypterus. Similarity in the size and position of polypterid spiracles with those of some stem tetrapods suggests that spiracular air breathing may have been an important respiratory strategy during the fish-tetrapod transition from water to land.