Reducing harm from tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy
Reducing harm from tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy
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DOI：
10.1002/bdrc.20115
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Coleman, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Coleman, Tim
除了孕妇在怀孕期间接触烟草烟雾对妇女造成的健康风险外，这也是造成大量胎儿发病和死亡的原因。在怀孕期间，由于妇女吸烟或因他人吸烟而被动暴露于环境烟草烟雾，因此可能会出现母亲烟草烟雾暴露。本文讨论了临床医生帮助减少怀孕期间两种类型的烟草烟雾暴露的范围，特别关注孕妇戒烟的有效干预措施。戒烟的行为支持是唯一被证明可以鼓励怀孕期间戒烟的干预措施，并将怀孕后期的吸烟率降低6%至7%。有生理学理由怀疑，与非妊娠吸烟者相比，尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）对妊娠期戒烟的效果较差或无效。然而，也有强有力的理论理由怀疑NRT可能比怀孕期间继续吸烟更安全。因此，本文综述了NRT用于妊娠期戒烟的安全性和有效性的证据，并提出了关于在妊娠期使用NRT的建议。
In addition to the health risks that maternal tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy poses to women, this is a cause of substantial fetal morbidity and mortality. In pregnancy, maternal tobacco smoke exposure can arise because women either smoke or are passively exposed to environmental tobacco smoke as a consequence of other's smoking. This article discusses the scope for clinicians to help reduce both types of tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy, with a specific focus on available and effective interventions for smoking cessation by pregnant women. Behavioral support with smoking cessation is the only intervention that has been proven to encourage smoking cessation in pregnancy and reduces smoking rates in late pregnancy by 6 to 7%. There are physiological reasons to suspect that nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) will be less or (in)effective for smoking cessation in pregnancy when compared with its use by nonpregnant smokers. However, there are also strong theoretical reasons to suspect that NRT is likely to be safer than continued smoking in pregnancy. Consequently, this article reviews evidence for the safety and effectiveness of NRT when used for smoking cessation in pregnancy and recommendations concerning the use of NRT in pregnancy are presented.