Behavioral/systems/cognitive Functional Imaging Reveals Visual Modulation of Specific Fields in Auditory Cortex
Behavioral/systems/cognitive Functional Imaging Reveals Visual Modulation of Specific Fields in Auditory Cortex
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通讯作者：
C. Kayser;C. Petkov;M. Augath;N. Logothetis
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作者：
C. Kayser;C. Petkov;M. Augath;N. Logothetis
融合来自不同感官的信息对于与现实生活中的情况成功互动至关重要。事实上，感觉统合可以减少知觉模糊，加快反应，或改变定性的感觉体验。人们普遍认为，整合发生在较晚的加工阶段，主要是在高级联合皮层;然而，最近的研究表明，感觉会聚可以发生在初级感觉皮层。早期收敛的一个很好的模型被证明是听觉皮层，它可以通过视觉和触觉刺激进行调节;然而，由于听觉场的数量大而尺寸小，人类成像和微电极记录都没有系统地确定哪些场容易受到多感官影响。为了使人类成像的结果与非人类灵长类动物的解剖学知识相一致，我们利用猕猴的高分辨率成像（功能性磁共振成像）来研究视觉刺激对听觉处理的调制。使用听觉皮层的功能性分区，我们将调制定位到各个领域。我们的研究结果表明，主要（核心）和非主要（带）的听觉领域可以被激活的视觉场景仅仅介绍。视听会聚仅限于尾侧区[主要是核心区（初级听觉皮层）和带状区（尾内侧区、尾外侧区和中间区）]，并在听觉旁带区和上级颞沟中继续。相同的领域表现出增强听觉激活的视觉刺激，并表现出更强的增强效果较低的刺激，感觉统合的两个特点。总之，这些研究结果揭示了听觉处理的多感觉调制显着在尾侧领域，但也在最低阶段的听觉皮层处理。
Merging the information from different senses is essential for successful interaction with real-life situations. Indeed, sensory integration can reduce perceptual ambiguity, speed reactions, or change the qualitative sensory experience. It is widely held that integration occurs at later processing stages and mostly in higher association cortices; however, recent studies suggest that sensory convergence can occur in primary sensory cortex. A good model for early convergence proved to be the auditory cortex, which can be modulated by visual and tactile stimulation; however, given the large number and small size of auditory fields, neither human imaging nor microelectrode recordings have systematically identified which fields are susceptible to multisensory influences. To reconcile findings from human imaging with anatomical knowledge from nonhuman primates, we exploited high-resolution imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) of the macaque monkey to study the modulation of auditory processing by visual stimulation. Using a functional parcellation of auditory cortex, we localized modulations to individual fields. Our results demonstrate that both primary (core) and nonprimary (belt) auditory fields can be activated by the mere presentation of visual scenes. Audiovisual convergence was restricted to caudal fields [prominently the core field (primary auditory cortex) and belt fields (caudomedial field, caudolateral field, and mediomedial field)] and continued in the auditory parabelt and the superior temporal sulcus. The same fields exhibited enhancement of auditory activation by visual stimulation and showed stronger enhancement for less effective stimuli, two characteristics of sensory integration. Together, these findings reveal multisensory modulation of auditory processing prominently in caudal fields but also at the lowest stages of auditory cortical processing.