Counteracting Globalization's Skeptics: How Diasporas Influence the Internationalization Preferences of Minority Entrepreneurs' Firms
Counteracting Globalization's Skeptics: How Diasporas Influence the Internationalization Preferences of Minority Entrepreneurs' Firms
复制标题
反击全球化的怀疑论者：侨民如何影响少数族裔企业家公司的国际化偏好
DOI：
10.1002/gsj.1359
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Jeffrey A. Robinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Todd M. Inouye;Amol M. Joshi;Iman Hemmatian;Jeffrey A. Robinson
研究摘要我们认为，全球化怀疑论者引发的反移民反弹将美国少数民族企业家孤立为局外人，这限制了他们在国内的商业机会。作为回应，这些企业家利用他们作为侨民网络内部人的共同种族身份，寻求以原籍国或地区为重点的国际扩张机会。我们假设，侨民给少数民族企业家留下了风险偏好的印记，减少了他们对全球化的怀疑，同时增加了他们对过度投入资源的谨慎。分析超过20，000个美国在小型企业中，我们发现有证据表明，少数民族企业家的公司更喜欢跳跃式地进入市场，通过合同和有限制的承诺来降低风险，并将目标对准种族和语言更加细分的国家。我们扩展了国际化过程的研究与理论和证据，关于侨民如何影响企业层面的战略风险管理决策。管理层总结对全球化的怀疑日益加剧，助长了美国等多民族社会的反移民反弹。这种反弹可能会限制来自少数民族社区的移民企业家在国内扩张的机会，潜在地激励他们在国际上扩张。我们调查散居网络作为少数民族企业家的公司竞争优势的来源。我们发现的证据表明，侨民积极影响少数民族企业家的风险认知和对全球化的态度，导致他们的公司更喜欢国际化更快，承诺更早，并针对更分散的市场比其他公司。海外移民抵消了对全球化的怀疑。我们建议管理者利用侨民获得资源、知识和关系的机会来降低企业国际化的风险，并建议政策制定者制定政府贸易促进计划，以利用侨民来降低交易成本和增加出口。
Research SummaryWe argue that the anti‐immigrant backlash sparked by globalization's skeptics isolates U.S. minority entrepreneurs as outsiders, which constrains their domestic business opportunities. In response, these entrepreneurs leverage their shared ethnic identities as insiders within diaspora networks to pursue international expansion opportunities focused on their countries or regions of origin. We hypothesize that diasporas imprint minority entrepreneurs with risk preferences that reduce their skepticism about globalization, while increasing their caution about overcommitting resources. Analyzing over 20,000 U.S. small businesses, we find evidence that minority entrepreneurs' firms prefer to leapfrog into markets, mitigate risks via contractual and bounded commitments, and target countries that are more ethnically and linguistically fractionalized. We extend internationalization process research with theory and evidence about how diasporas influence firm‐level strategic risk management decisions.Managerial SummaryIncreased skepticism about globalization is fueling an anti‐immigrant backlash in multi‐ethnic societies such as the U.S. This backlash may limit opportunities for immigrant entrepreneurs from ethnic minority communities to expand domestically, potentially motivating them to expand internationally. We investigate diaspora networks as a source of competitive advantage for minority entrepreneurs' firms. We find evidence that diasporas positively influence minority entrepreneurs' risk perceptions and attitudes toward globalization, leading their firms to prefer internationalizing faster, committing earlier, and targeting more fragmented markets than other firms. Diasporas counteract skepticism about globalization. We recommend that managers utilize diasporas' access to resources, knowledge, and relationships to reduce their firms' risks of internationalizing and that policymakers tailor government trade promotion programs to leverage diasporas to reduce transaction costs and increase exports.