"Designer" biodiesel: Optimizing fatty ester (composition to improve fuel properties
"Designer" biodiesel: Optimizing fatty ester (composition to improve fuel properties
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DOI：
10.1021/ef700639e
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Knothe, Gerhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Knothe, Gerhard
生物柴油是一种国内可再生的替代品，具有取代部分石油柴油市场的潜力。它是通过酯交换反应从植物油、动物脂肪或其他含有大量三酰甘油的来源中获得的。因此，生物柴油的脂肪酸分布与母油或脂肪的脂肪酸分布相对应，是影响燃料性质的主要因素。与石油柴油相比，生物柴油除了可再生和原产于国内外，其优势还包括生物降解性、更高的闪点、减少最受监管的废气排放、与石油柴油在所有比例下的可混性、与现有燃料分配基础设施的兼容性以及固有的润滑性。生物柴油的技术问题包括氧化稳定性、冷流和增加的NO、废气排放。解决其中一个问题往往需要增加另一个物业的问题行为，包括使用添加剂或通过物理过程(如越冬)或通过基因改造改变脂肪酸组成。在这方面，油酸甲酯被认为是生物柴油的合适的主要成分。在这项工作中，对生物柴油的各种潜在主要成分的性质进行了检测和比较。例如，虽然油酸甲酯被认为是这种主要成分，但棕榈油酸甲酯与油酸甲酯相比具有优势，特别是在低温性能方面。在这方面研究的其他材料是短链(C-8-C-10)饱和酯，只有C-10酯似乎是合适的。还建议，为了获得具有良好性能的生物柴油燃料，有利的是该燃料在尽可能高的浓度下仅由一个主要组分组成；然而，这里描述的具有有利性能的组分的混合物也可能是可接受的。
Biodiesel is a domestic and renewable alternative with the potential to replace some of the petrodiesel market. It is obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats, or other sources with a significant content of triacylglycerols by means of a transesterification reaction. The fatty acid profile of biodiesel thus corresponds to that of the parent oil or fat and is a major factor influencing fuel properties. Besides being renewable and of domestic origin, advantages of biodiesel compared to petrodiesel include biodegradability, higher flash point, reduction of most regulated exhaust emissions, miscibility in all ratios with petrodiesel, compatibility with the existing fuel distribution infrastructure, and inherent lubricity. Technical problems with biodiesel include oxidative stability, cold flow, and increased NO, exhaust emissions. Solutions to one of these problems often entail increasing the problematic behavior of another property and have included the use of additives or modifying the fatty acid composition, either through physical processes, such as winterization, or through genetic modification. Methyl oleate has been proposed as a suitable major component of biodiesel in this connection. In this work, the properties of various potential major components of biodiesel are examined and compared. For example, while methyl oleate has been suggested as such a major component, methyl palmitoleate has advantages compared to methyl oleate, especially with regards to low-temperature properties. Other materials that are examined in this connection are short-chain (C-8-C-10) saturated esters, with only C-10 esters appearing suitable. It is also suggested that to obtain biodiesel fuel with favorable properties, it is advantageous for the fuel to consist of only one major component in as high a concentration as possible; however, mixtures of components with advantageous properties as described here may also be acceptable.