Endogenous retroviruses in mammals: An emerging picture of how ERVs modify expression of adjacent genes
Endogenous retroviruses in mammals: An emerging picture of how ERVs modify expression of adjacent genes
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DOI：
10.1002/bies.201200056
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Whitelaw, Emma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isbel, Luke;Whitelaw, Emma
人们早就知道内源性逆转录病毒（ERV）能够以重要方式影响植物中的基因表达，但它们在哺乳动物中的作用又如何呢？最近我们发现 ERV 可以通过破坏转录终止来影响哺乳动物常驻基因的表达，从而增加了我们在该领域相对匮乏的知识。对于许多哺乳动物生物学家来说，逆转录转座被认为并不重要，除非它破坏了基因的阅读框架，但这种观点仍然受到挑战。一段时间以来，人们已经知道整合到内含子中可以产生新的转录本，而基因上游的整合可以改变转录本的表达，在许多情况下会产生表型后果和疾病。关于转录终止的新发现扩大了逆转录转座子在人类疾病中发挥作用的机会。
Endogenous retrovirsuses (ERVs) have long been known to influence gene expression in plants in important ways, but what of their roles in mammals? Our relatively sparse knowledge in that area was recently increased with the finding that ERVs can influence the expression of mammalian resident genes by disrupting transcriptional termination. For many mammalian biologists, retrotransposition is considered unimportant except when it disrupts the reading frame of a gene, but this view continues to be challenged. It has been known for some time that integration into an intron can create novel transcripts and integration upstream of a gene can alter the expression of the transcript, in many cases producing phenotypic consequences and disease. The new findings on transcriptional termination extend the opportunities for retrotransposons to play a role in human disease.