The origin of Neandertals
The origin of Neandertals
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0904119106
复制
发表时间：
2009-09-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hublin, J. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hublin, J. J.
欧亚大陆西部产生了丰富的中更新世（MP）和晚更新世（LP）化石记录，记录了尼安德特人的进化，可以根据最近获得的古生物学数据，丰富的考古证据和众所周知的环境背景进行分析。它们的起源可能与600 ka左右非洲起源的人类将阿舍利技术带入欧洲而使欧亚大陆西部发生的一段时间内的同化有关。冰期和间冰期的增强可能在这一事件以及随后的西欧亚种群的进化历史中发挥了至关重要的作用。除了气候适应和脑化的增加，遗传漂变似乎在它们的进化中发挥了重要作用。迄今为止，一个明确的物种形成事件没有记录，最有可能的情况下，固定的尼安德特人的特点似乎是一个增生的功能沿着下半年的MP。虽然非洲人和欧亚人的分离时间很难确定，但它肯定早于OIS 11，因为尼安德特人的表型特征可以追溯到甚至可能在此之前。有人建议用“罗得西亚人”这个术语来表示人类祖先的大脑人类。在非洲的智人和在欧洲的尼安德特人的根，并使用术语“尼安德特人”来指定所有的标本携带派生的格律或非格律的特征中使用的定义LP尼安德特人。
Western Eurasia yielded a rich Middle (MP) and Late Pleistocene (LP) fossil record documenting the evolution of the Neandertals that can be analyzed in light of recently acquired paleogenetical data, an abundance of archeological evidence, and a well-known environmental context. Their origin likely relates to an episode of recolonization of Western Eurasia by hominins of African origin carrying the Acheulean technology into Europe around 600 ka. An enhancement of both glacial and interglacial phases may have played a crucial role in this event, as well as in the subsequent evolutionary history of the Western Eurasian populations. In addition to climatic adaptations and an increase in encephalization, genetic drift seems to have played a major role in their evolution. To date, a clear speciation event is not documented, and the most likely scenario for the fixation of Neandertal characteristics seems to be an accretion of features along the second half of the MP. Although a separation time for the African and Eurasian populations is difficult to determine, it certainly predates OIS 11 as phenotypic Neandertal features are documented as far back as and possibly before this time. It is proposed to use the term "Homo rhodesiensis" to designate the large-brained hominins ancestral to H. sapiens in Africa and at the root of the Neandertals in Europe, and to use the term "Homo neanderthalensis" to designate all of the specimens carrying derived metrical or non-metrical features used in the definition of the LP Neandertals.