Detection and Characterization of Low Temperature Peat Fires during the 2015 Fire Catastrophe in Indonesia Using a New High-Sensitivity Fire Monitoring Satellite Sensor (FireBird)
Detection and Characterization of Low Temperature Peat Fires during the 2015 Fire Catastrophe in Indonesia Using a New High-Sensitivity Fire Monitoring Satellite Sensor (FireBird)
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0159410
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发表时间：
2016-08-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Siegert, Florian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atwood, Elizabeth C.;Englhart, Sandra;Siegert, Florian
2015年旱季期间，婆罗洲发生了巨大而灾难性的火灾，印尼跻身前五大碳排放国之列。该区域受到非常强烈的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)气候现象的影响，与1997/98年的上一次严重事件相当。使用一种新型传感器研究了加里曼丹中部的火灾动态，该传感器对更大范围的火灾强度具有更高的灵敏度，空间分辨率(160米)比以前更高。该传感器安装在Tet-1卫星上，该卫星是德国航空航天中心(DLR)火鸟任务的一部分。从中红外获取的TET-1图像(每2-3天获取一次)被用来探测在塞班高国家公园受保护的泥炭地以及有活跃伐木和油棕榈特许权的周边地区持续燃烧了近三个星期的火灾。TET-1的探测能力与MODIS主动火灾探测和陆地卫星火场探测算法进行了比较。研究了火灾动态，包括火灾前锋传播速度和燃烧面积。我们表明，在通过浓烟和雾霾监测低强度泥炭地火锋方面，TET-1比MODIS具有更好的探测能力。火灾动力学分析表明，火灾前线从多个地点开始造成的最大烧伤区，最高传播速度超过500m/d(全部覆盖泥炭>；2m深)。发现火灾最常发生在包含排水基础设施的特许区，但在火灾季节之前没有清除。讨论了实施该传感器系统对改进当前火灾管理技术的好处。近乎实时的火灾探测和增强的火灾行为监测能力不仅将改善消防工作，还将有助于分析火灾对热带泥炭地的影响、温室气体排放估计以及减少未来严重火灾事件的缓解措施。
Vast and disastrous fires occurred on Borneo during the 2015 dry season, pushing Indonesia into the top five carbon emitting countries. The region was affected by a very strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate phenomenon, on par with the last severe event in 1997/98. Fire dynamics in Central Kalimantan were investigated using an innovative sensor offering higher sensitivity to a wider range of fire intensities at a finer spatial resolution (160 m) than heretofore available. The sensor is onboard the TET-1 satellite, part of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) FireBird mission. TET-1 images (acquired every 2-3 days) from the middle infrared were used to detect fires continuously burning for almost three weeks in the protected peatlands of Sebangau National Park as well as surrounding areas with active logging and oil palm concessions. TET-1 detection capabilities were compared with MODIS active fire detection and Landsat burned area algorithms. Fire dynamics, including fire front propagation speed and area burned, were investigated. We show that TET-1 has improved detection capabilities over MODIS in monitoring low-intensity peatland fire fronts through thick smoke and haze. Analysis of fire dynamics revealed that the largest burned areas resulted from fire front lines started from multiple locations, and the highest propagation speeds were in excess of 500 m/day (all over peat > 2m deep). Fires were found to occur most often in concessions that contained drainage infrastructure but were not cleared prior to the fire season. Benefits of implementing this sensor system to improve current fire management techniques are discussed. Near real-time fire detection together with enhanced fire behavior monitoring capabilities would not only improve firefighting efforts, but also benefit analysis of fire impact on tropical peatlands, greenhouse gas emission estimations as well as mitigation measures to reduce severe fire events in the future.