A constant N2H+ (1-0)-to-HCN (1-0) ratio on kiloparsec scales

A constant N2H+ (1-0)-to-HCN (1-0) ratio on kiloparsec scales
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千秒差距尺度上恒定的 N2H (1-0) 与 HCN (1-0) 比率

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/202347050
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Barnes, A. T.
Barnes, A. T.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jiménez-Donaire, M. J.;Usero, A.;Bešlić, I.;Tafalla, M.;Chacón-Tanarro, A.;Salomé, Q.;Eibensteiner, C.;García-Rodríguez, A.;Hacar, A.;Barnes, A. T.

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银河系观测者广泛使用NH3和N2 H+等氮同位素来追踪星际介质中寒冷的致密区域。在星系外,由于灵敏度有限,HCN已成为大部分星系中最常见的致密气体示踪剂。我们提供了N2 H+(1-0)的第一个系统的测量在不同环境的外部螺旋星系,NGC 6946。在千秒差距尺度上,星系内部108 kpc的HCN(1-0)和N2 H+(1-0)强度之间存在很强的相关性(r> 0.98,p <0.01)。  这种相关性在N2 H+(1-0)/CO(1-0)和HCN(1-0)/CO(1-0)比率(致密气体馏分(fdense)的示踪剂)之间同样强。我们在我们的五个IRAM-30 m点的集合上测量N2 H+(1-0)/HCN(1-0)= 0.15 ± 0.02的平均强度比。  这些趋势进一步支持现有的测量银河系和河外来源。平均比率的这种狭窄分布表明,如果我们采用N2 H+(1-0)作为致密气体的更直接示踪剂,在千秒差距尺度的河外星系研究中发现的致密气体的密度和效率(SFEdense)的系统趋势不会改变。在千秒差距尺度上,我们的结果表明,HCN(1-0)的排放可以用来预测预期的N2 H+(1-0)在这些地区。我们的研究结果表明,即使HCN(1-0)和N2 H+(1-0)跟踪不同的密度制度内的分子云,云下的差异平均在千秒差距尺度,产生两个示踪剂成正比。
Nitrogen hydrides such as NH3and N2H+are widely used by Galactic observers to trace the cold dense regions of the interstellar medium. In external galaxies, because of limited sensitivity, HCN has become the most common tracer of dense gas over large parts of galaxies. We provide the first systematic measurements of N2H+(1-0) across different environments of an external spiral galaxy, NGC 6946. We find a strong correlation (r> 0.98,p< 0.01) between the HCN (1-0) and N2H+(1-0) intensities across the inner ∼8 kpc of the galaxy, at kiloparsec scales. This correlation is equally strong between the ratios N2H+(1-0)/CO (1-0) and HCN (1-0)/CO (1-0), tracers of dense gas fractions (fdense). We measure an average intensity ratio of N2H+(1-0)/HCN (1-0) = 0.15 ± 0.02 over our set of five IRAM-30m pointings. These trends are further supported by existing measurements for Galactic and extragalactic sources. This narrow distribution in the average ratio suggests that the observed systematic trends found in kiloparsec-scale extragalactic studies offdenseand the efficiency of dense gas (SFEdense) would not change if we employed N2H+(1-0) as a more direct tracer of dense gas. At kiloparsec scales our results indicate that the HCN (1-0) emission can be used to predict the expected N2H+(1-0) over those regions. Our results suggest that, even if HCN (1-0) and N2H+(1-0) trace different density regimes within molecular clouds, subcloud differences average out at kiloparsec scales, yielding the two tracers proportional to each other.
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