Resonant thermal Hall effect of phonons coupled to dynamical defects.
Resonant thermal Hall effect of phonons coupled to dynamical defects.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2215141119
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发表时间：
2022-11-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Sachdev, Subir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Haoyu;Joshi, Darshan G.;Sachdev, Subir
现代量子材料显示出电子物质的许多相，电子之间存在多粒子量子纠缠。然而，众所周知，这种纠缠很难用实验来描述。最近的实验表明，热霍尔效应（当在磁场中，热流的方向与温度梯度横向）是多电子量子态的敏感探针。我们建议这些观测检测晶格振动（声子）从电子杂质的散射，并计算电子动力学对声子携带的热量的影响。我们还提出了铜酸盐“赝隙”状态下的热霍尔效应的具体机制，这种纠缠态在较小的电子密度下导致高温超导。我们给出了声子在多能级缺陷上散射的热霍尔系数的计算。使用基于Kubo公式的微观公式，我们发现声子-缺陷耦合中的主导贡献微扰与声子寿命成正比，并且具有“侧跃”解释。因此，热霍尔角与声子寿命无关。当声子能量等于缺陷级间距时，对热霍尔系数的贡献是共振的。我们的结果适用于三种不同的缺陷模型，适用于不同的相关电子材料。对于铜酸盐的赝隙区，我们提出了在准静态磁序存在下声子与杂质量子自旋耦合的模型，该模型与外加场具有各向同性塞曼耦合，并且没有自旋轨道相互作用。
Modern quantum materials display numerous phases of electronic matter with many-particle quantum entanglement between the electrons. However, this entanglement is notoriously difficult to characterize experimentally. Recent experiments have shown that the thermal Hall effect (when in a magnetic field, there is heat flow in a direction transverse to a temperature gradient) is a sensitive probe of the many-electron quantum state. We propose that these observations detect the scattering of lattice vibrations (phonons) from electronic impurities and compute the influence of the electronic dynamics on the heat carried by the phonons. We also propose a specific mechanism for the thermal Hall effect in the “pseudogap” state of the cuprates, the entangled state that leads to high-temperature superconductivity at smaller electron density. We present computations of the thermal Hall coefficient of phonons scattering off a defect with multiple energy levels. Using a microscopic formulation based on the Kubo formula, we find that the leading contribution perturbative in the phonon–defect coupling is proportional to the phonon lifetime and has a “side-jump” interpretation. Consequently, the thermal Hall angle is independent of the phonon lifetime. The contribution to the thermal Hall coefficient is at resonance when the phonon energy equals a defect-level spacing. Our results are obtained for three different defect models, which apply to different correlated electron materials. For the pseudogap regime of the cuprates, we propose a model of phonons coupled to an impurity quantum spin in the presence of quasistatic magnetic order with an isotropic Zeeman coupling to the applied field and without spin–orbit interaction.
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