Mission specialist human-robot interaction in micro unmanned aerial systems
Mission specialist human-robot interaction in micro unmanned aerial systems
复制标题
微型无人机系统中的任务专家人机交互
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Peschel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Murphy;J. Peschel
这项研究调查了特派团在微型无人驾驶航空系统(MUA)中的专家作用，并从人-机器人互动(HRI)和技术发现中获得信息，从而设计了一个界面，在两次实地研究中提高了26名未经培训的CBRN(化学、生物、辐射、核)应答者的个人表现，并对MUA的HRI进行了形成性观察。
来自HRI文献的调查结果表明，任务专家需要一个特定于角色的界面，该界面与飞行员角色在视觉上具有共同点，并允许主动控制无人机(UAV)有效载荷相机。目前的交互技术禁止这样做，因为响应者可以看到与飞行员相同的界面，并为导航和有效载荷控制提供口头指示。对交互原则的审查导致合成了五个设计指南和一个系统架构，这些指南和系统架构用于在Apple®iPad上实现任务专家界面。共享角色模型被用来使用从文献中综合的三个正式角色描述(飞行主任、飞行员和任务专家)来对MUAS人-机器人团队进行建模。
特派团专家接口通过两项单独的实地研究进行了评估，这些研究涉及26名没有MUA经验的CBRN专家。这项研究包括52项任务试验，以监视、评估和捕捉在Disaster City®上演的化学列车脱轨事件的图像。实验研究的结果表明，当任务专家能够主动控制无人机有效载荷摄像头并与飞行员进行口头协调时，大多数参与者报告类似任务的角色授权(信心、舒适度以及被认为是最好的个人和团队表现)更大；因此，特定于角色的界面是首选的，应由未经培训的响应者使用，而不是在MUAS中查看与飞行员相同的界面。
在这项研究中形成的观察表明：i)在MUA中建立共同点既是口头的，也是视觉的；ii)任务专家更喜欢的协调类型(主动或被动)受到指挥级经验和对机器人的感知责任的影响；iii)无论MUA中更喜欢的协调类型是什么，单独的飞行员角色都是必要的。这项研究对HRI和CBRN的研究人员和从业人员以及机器人学、人机交互和人工智能领域的研究人员都很重要，因为它发现，人类飞行员的角色对于协助和理解是必要的，而且人-机器人团队中存在影响任务专家绩效的隐藏依赖关系。
This research investigated the Mission Specialist role in micro unmanned aerial systems (mUAS) and was informed by human-robot interaction (HRI) and technology findings, resulting in the design of an interface that increased the individual performance of 26 untrained CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) responders during two field studies, and yielded formative observations for HRI in mUAS.
Findings from the HRI literature suggested a Mission Specialist requires a role-specific interface that shares visual common ground with the Pilot role and allows active control of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) payload camera. Current interaction technology prohibits this as responders view the same interface as the Pilot and give verbal directions for navigation and payload control. A review of interaction principles resulted in a synthesis of five design guidelines and a system architecture that were used to implement a Mission Specialist interface on an Apple® iPad. The Shared Roles Model was used to model the mUAS human-robot team using three formal role descriptions synthesized from the literature (Flight Director, Pilot, and Mission Specialist).
The Mission Specialist interface was evaluated through two separate field studies involving 26 CBRN experts who did not have mUAS experience. The studies consisted of 52 mission trials to surveil, evaluate, and capture imagery of a chemical train derailment incident staged at Disaster City®. Results from the experimental study showed that when a Mission Specialist was able to actively control the UAV payload camera and verbally coordinate with the Pilot, greater role empowerment (confidence, comfort, and perceived best individual and team performance) was reported by a majority of participants for similar tasks; thus, a role-specific interface is preferred and should be used by untrained responders instead of viewing the same interface as the Pilot in mUAS.
Formative observations made during this research suggested: i) establishing common ground in mUAS is both verbal and visual, ii) type of coordination (active or passive) preferred by the Mission Specialist is affected by command-level experience and perceived responsibility for the robot, and iii) a separate Pilot role is necessary regardless of preferred coordination type in mUAS. This research is of importance to HRI and CBRN researchers and practitioners, as well as those in the fields of robotics, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence, because it found that a human Pilot role is necessary for assistance and understanding, and that there are hidden dependencies in the human-robot team that affect Mission Specialist performance.