Designing Effective Internships: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of the Sociocultural Aspects of Intern Satisfaction and Development
Designing Effective Internships: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of the Sociocultural Aspects of Intern Satisfaction and Development
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DOI：
10.1080/00221546.2023.2241330
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发表时间：
2023-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matthew T. Hora;Zi Chen;M. Wolfgram;Jiahong Zhang;J. Fischer
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文献类型：
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作者：
Matthew T. Hora;Zi Chen;M. Wolfgram;Jiahong Zhang;J. Fischer
摘要实习是被广泛推广的高影响力的实践，可以对学生的学术和研究生的成功产生积极的影响，但具体功能如何促进这些结果是研究不足。相反，实习往往是单纯的参与方面进行研究，没有认识到这些经验是由专业文化和教学设计的决定塑造的复杂的教学空间。在这个连续的混合方法研究中，我们使用社会文化学习理论来解释数据，从在线调查（n = 435）和焦点小组（n = 52）与学生在五个机构。与实习生满意度，发展价值观和职业适应性相关的人口统计学和程序变量的逐步线性回归分析表明，第一代的地位，性别，种族和收入水平，主管行为与满意度和发展显着相关。定性数据的分析表明，积极的（明确的沟通，可用性，反馈）和消极的（不可用，不注意学习）监督的功能影响学生的经验。这些研究结果表明，实习设计应仔细注意任务支架，学生自主权和主管的协助，这取决于专业背景和情况。这些结果强调了大学和雇主需要将实习设计为受指导和文化塑造的学习空间，提供主管培训，并在将学生与实习相匹配时考虑他们的文化背景。
ABSTRACT Internships are widely promoted high-impact practices that can have positive impacts on students’ academic and post-graduate success, yet how specific features facilitate these outcomes is understudied. Instead, internships are often studied in terms of mere participation, without recognizing that these experiences are complex pedagogic spaces shaped by professional cultures and decisions about instructional design. In this sequential mixed-methods study we use sociocultural learning theory to interpret data from online surveys (n = 435) and focus groups (n = 52) with students at five institutions. Stepwise linear regression analyses of demographic and programmatic variables associated with intern satisfaction, developmental value, and career adaptability indicated that first-generation status, sex, race and income level, and supervisor behaviors were significantly associated with satisfaction and development. Analyses of qualitative data revealed that features of positive (clear communication, availability, feedback) and negative (unavailability, inattention to learning) supervision impacted student experiences. These findings reveal that internships should be designed with careful attention to task scaffolding, student autonomy and supervisor assistance, depending on the professional context and situation. These results highlight the need for colleges and employers to design internships as mentored and culturally shaped learning spaces, provide supervisor training, and consider the cultural backgrounds of students when matching them to internships.