Application of Wildfire Risk Assessment Results to Wildfire Response Planning in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California, USA
Application of Wildfire Risk Assessment Results to Wildfire Response Planning in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California, USA
复制标题
野火风险评估结果在美国加利福尼亚州内华达山脉南部野火响应规划中的应用
作者：
Matthew P. Thompson;P. Bowden;A. Brough;Joe H. Scott;Julie W. Gilbertson;A. Taylor;Jennifer Anderson;J. Haas
如何管理野火是长期社会生态复原力和与火共存能力的关键决定因素。安全有效地应对火灾需要有效的火灾前规划，这是本文的主要重点。我们回顾了美国有效的联邦火灾管理规划的一般原则，并引入符合这些原则的事故响应规划框架。我们将此框架与基于美国联邦火灾管理政策的荒地火灾管理连续体联系起来。该框架利用了空间野火风险评估的最新进展，特别是原位风险和源风险的联合概念，并将评估结果与其他地理空间信息相结合，以开发和绘制战略响应区。我们操作这个框架在地理信息系统（GIS）环境的基础上，相关的消防业务的景观属性，并定义潜在的荒地火灾操作描述（POD）的空间单元的分析战略响应。使用最近的几个国家森林在南部山脉内华达州地区的加州，美国进行的风险评估的结果，我们说明了如何POD水平的风险指标摘要可以减少周围的不确定性潜在的损失和利益的大火灾发生，并自然地借给自己的火灾和燃料管理策略的设计。最后，我们确定了差距、局限性和不确定性，并确定了未来工作的优先次序，以支持安全有效的事件响应。
How wildfires are managed is a key determinant of long-term socioecological resiliency and the ability to live with fire. Safe and effective response to fire requires effective pre-fire planning, which is the main focus of this paper. We review general principles of effective federal fire management planning in the U.S., and introduce a framework for incident response planning consistent with these principles. We contextualize this framework in relation to a wildland fire management continuum based on federal fire management policy in the U.S. The framework leverages recent advancements in spatial wildfire risk assessment—notably the joint concepts of in situ risk and source risk—and integrates assessment results with additional geospatial information to develop and map strategic response zones. We operationalize this framework in a geographic information system (GIS) environment based on landscape attributes relevant to fire operations, and define Potential wildland fire Operational Delineations (PODs) as the spatial unit of analysis for strategic response. Using results from a recent risk assessment performed on several National Forests in the Southern Sierra Nevada area of California, USA, we illustrate how POD-level summaries of risk metrics can reduce uncertainty surrounding potential losses and benefits given large fire occurrence, and lend themselves naturally to design of fire and fuel management strategies. To conclude we identify gaps, limitations, and uncertainties, and prioritize future work to support safe and effective incident response.