Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates used as food for insectivores
Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates used as food for insectivores
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DOI：
10.1002/zoo.10031
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Finke, MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Finke, MD
各种各样的无脊椎动物通常被动物园和爱好者喂给食虫动物，但是关于大多数商业饲养物种的营养成分的信息是有限的。测定了家蚕成虫、家蟋蟀若虫（Acheta domesticus）、超级蠕虫（zoophobas morio幼虫）、巨粉虫幼虫、粉虫幼虫和成虫（tenbrio molitor）、蜡虫幼虫（Galleria mellonella）和家蚕幼虫（Bombyx mori）的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、矿物质、氨基酸、脂肪酸和维生素。测定蚯蚓（Lumbricus terresstris）的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、ADF、NDF、矿物质、氨基酸、维生素A和D-3。水分（57.9-83.6%）、粗蛋白质（9.3-23.7%）、粗脂肪（1.6-24.9%）、ADF（0.1-7.4%）、NDF（0.0-11.5%）和灰分（0.6-1.2%）的近似分析存在较大差异。能量含量从家蚕的674千卡/公斤到蜡虫的2741千卡/公斤不等。使用大鼠氨基酸评分模式，所有无脊椎动物测试的第一个限制性氨基酸是总硫氨基酸蛋氨酸+胱氨酸。营养素缺乏率（大鼠在干物质（DM）基础上缺乏样品与NRC需要量的百分比）如下：钙（100%）、维生素D-3（100%）、维生素a（89%）、维生素B-12（75%）、硫胺素（63%）、维生素E（50%）、碘（44%）、锰（22%）、蛋氨酸-胱氨酸（22%）和钠（11%）。无脊椎动物物种的营养缺乏症（营养缺乏症数量与日粮基础上对大鼠的NRC要求）如下：蜡虫(9)，超级虫(8)，巨粉虫幼虫(7)，成年粉虫(6)，成年粉虫幼虫(5)，成年家蟋蟀(4)，家蟋蟀若虫(4)，蚕(4)和蚯蚓(4)。这些数据为确定圈养食虫动物的营养摄入量提供了基础，并将有助于开发肠道负荷日粮，为圈养食虫动物提供适当水平的必要营养。(C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc。
A variety of invertebrates are commonly fed to insectivorous animals by both zoos and hobbyists, but information as to the nutrient composition of most commercially raised species is limited. Adult house crickets, house cricket nymphs (Acheta domesticus), superworms (Zophobas morio larvae), giant mealworm larvae, mealworm larvae and adult mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), waxworm larvae (Galleria mellonella), and silkworm larvae (Bombyx mori) were analyzed for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamins. Earthworms (Lumbricus terresstris) were analyzed for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, ADF, NDF, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins A and D-3. Proximate analyses were variable, with wide ranges found for moisture (57.9-83.6%), crude protein (9.3-23.7%), crude fat (1.6-24.9%), ADF (0.1-7.4%), NDF (0.0-11.5%), and ash (0.6-1.2%). Energy content ranged from a low of 674 kcal/kg for silkworms to 2,741 kcal/kg for waxworms. Using an amino acid scoring pattern for rats, the first limiting amino acid for all invertebrates tested was the total sulfur amino acid methionine+cystine. Deficiencies by nutrient (% of samples deficient vs. NRC requirements for rats on a dry matter (DM) basis) were as follows: calcium (100%), vitamin D-3 (100%), vitamin A (89%), vitamin B-12 (75%), thiamin (63%), vitamin E (50%), iodine (44%), manganese (22%), methionine-cystine (22%), and sodium (11%). Deficiencies by invertebrate species (number of nutrients deficient vs. the NRC requirements for rats on a DM basis) were as follows: waxworms (9), superworms (8), giant mealworm larvae (7), adult mealworms (6), mealworm larvae (5), adult house crickets (4), house cricket nymphs (4), silkworms (4), and earthworms (4). These data provide a basis for determining nutrient intake of captive insectivores, and will aid in the development of gut-loading diets to provide captive insectivorous animals with appropriate levels of necessary nutrients. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.